Upper gastrointestinal series and esophagogastroduodenoscopy with tissue biopsy showed cryptosporidial inhibitors infection as the cause of gastric outlet obstruction. Intestinal pseudo-obstruction is not a usual finding. In our patient, however, there was no proven mechanical obstruction and it seems that the clinical manifestations of the gastrointestinal tract were due to intestinal pseudo-obstruction. The mechanism of diarrhea in cryptosporidium infection is poorly understood.

But cryptosporidium seems to induce a rearrangement of the host enterocyte cytoskeleton, reducing the membrane expression of nutrient transporters Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical and causing impaired absorption and osmotic diarrhea. The other gastrointestinal manifestations of cryptosporidial infection are severe, life-threatening enteritis Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical complicated by the biliary tract involvement, severe abdominal cramping, electrolyte imbalance, and severe dehydration.10 Whether similar mechanisms are involved

in inducing intestinal pseudo-obstruction is not clear. A similar case report by Pui JC8 detected the varicella-zoster Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical virus in the muscularis propria layer of the terminal ileum in an HIV-positive patient who presented with the signs and symptoms of intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Pui JC postulated that the varicella-zoster virus infection can damage the neuronal plexus in the muscularis propria layer, thereby mimicking the manifestations of intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Children with HIV

have a higher rate of hospitalization compared with healthy Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical children.4 Therefore, the diagnosis of HIV must be considered in pediatric patients, especially when all usual diagnostic approaches have failed to provide explanations for the patients’ signs and symptoms. We ruled out other usual causes of intestinal obstruction in children, including intestinal malrotation, intussusception, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Conclusion The child described in this report had attacks of intestinal pseudo-obstruction ALOX15 as the main clinical manifestation of his disease. We suggest that HIV be considered in the differential diagnosis of pediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction to provide a timely diagnosis and optimal care of children with HIV. Conflict of Interest: None declared.
-thalassemia intermedia (β-TI) is a term that describes patients with milder anemia than patients with β-thalassemia major.1 Ineffective erythropoiesis, chronic hemolytic anemia, and iron overload are the main factors responsible for the disease process in β-TI.2Chronic anemia may have such adverse effects as increase in gastrointestinal iron absorption and iron overload, which can cause endocrine abnormalities, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, hypothyroidism, and hypogonadism.