TFB cells produced a few CT and MT within 24 h, but there was no significant relationship between the percentage of traps and the concentration of bacterial cells (Fig. 2). The number of traps increased significantly (P<0.05) within 24 h when the conidia of A. oligospora were cultured in different concentrations of Chryseobacterium sp. TFB cells with 20% bacterial cell-free culture filtrates (Fig. 2). The percentage of traps increased as the concentration of Chryseobacterium sp. TFB cells

increased from 0.33 to 3.0 × 107 CFU mL−1 Cell Cycle inhibitor and then decreased at the highest concentration of bacterial cells of 3.67 × 107 CFU mL−1. However, the highest concentrations of bacterial cells also caused conidia lysis (data not shown). When cultured with bacterial cells (1.67 × 107 CFU mL−1) in PDB dilutions (1 : 50) containing 5% bacterial cell-free filtrate, conidia of A. oligospora produced more MT and a few CT within 24 h (Fig. 3e–f and 4). With increased concentration of bacterial cell-free filtrates from 5% to 10%, the number of total traps, MT and CT all increased, with the number of MT increasing more than that of CT (Fig. selleck chemical 4). When the conidia were cultured in bacterial cells (1.67 × 109 CFU mL−1) with 20% cell-free supernatant, A. oligospora produced 50% CT at

24 h and 90% CT at 48 h. Most traps were on the long germination hyphae while near conidia (Fig. 3n–p), and some traps formed directly upon germination with minimal or no hyphal extension (Fig. 3l and m) and the CT have several loops (Fig. 3m). With increased concentration of bacterial cell-free supernatant from 30% to 40%, A. oligospora produced more typical CT (Fig. 3h–k) and few MT (Fig. 4). Conidia germination was inhibited when cultured in bacteria with more aliquots of bacterial cell-free supernatant (data not shown). In the negative control treatment, no traps formed even when conidia of A. oligospora were cultured for 1 month (Fig. 3d). With the addition of different nutrient levels to co-culture medium at the start of the experiment,

the percentage of conidia germination and trap formation increased within 24 h with the decreasing nutrient (Fig. S2). However, the percentage of conidia germination as conidial and MT decreased to when conidia were cultured in bacterial cells with dilution PDB (1 : 200) and sterile water. SEM observations revealed that Chryseobacterium sp. TFB cells attached to A. oligospora hyphae and traps (Fig. 5e–l) when A. oligospora conidia were cultured with bacterial cells (1.67 × 107 CFU mL−1) containing its cell-free culture filtrates (20%) in PDB dilution (1 : 50). There were no bacterial cells that attached to A. oligospora hyphae when A. oligospora conidia were cultured with bacterial cells in sterile water or PDB dilution (1 : 50) (Fig. 5b–d). SEM results suggested that bacterial cell-free filtrates facilitated its cells adhering on the surface of A. oligospora hyphae and bacteria attached to A.