30 ± 0.30 mmol.L-1 for CPE and 3.87 ± 0.12 mmol.L-1 for PL, P < 0.01) and 60 minutes (5.47 ± 0.27 mmol.L-1 for CPE and 3.82 ± 0.12 mmol.L-1 for PL, P < 0.01). Mean blood glucose in ST2 was maintained with CPE compared to ST1; and was significantly higher than with PL during ST2 (4.77 ± 0.08 mmol.L1 for CPE compared with 4.18 ± 0.06 mmol.L-1 for PL, P < 0.001). Data for blood lactate are represented in Figure 4. Whilst there were no significant differences GSK872 nmr for resting lactate GSK126 cost between conditions, blood lactate was elevated at the beginning of the second exercise bout with CPE compared to the first bout only (1.74 ± 0.21 mmol.L-1 compared to 1.04 ± 0.12 mmol.L-1, P = 0.04). Mean data demonstrated

a significant decrease in blood lactate between exercise bouts for CPE (2.47 ± 0.20 mmol.L-1 compared to 1.78 ± 0.18 mmol.L-1, P = 0.005) and for PL (2.75 ± 0.26 mmol.L-1 compared to 1.67 ± 0.17 mmol.L-1, P = 0.009). There were no other significant

differences reported between conditions. Figure 4 Assessment of test beverages on blood lactate mmol.L -1 ) during submaximal exercise trials. Data is presented as mean ± SE; n = 16. PL, Placebo; CPE, carbohydrate-protein-electrolyte; ST1, submaximal exercise trial 1, ST2, submaximal exercise trial 2. * denotes significant difference P < 0.05) between trials within condition only PL). b denotes significant difference P < 0.05) between trials within condition only CPE). Time trial performance data Data for overall distance covered during Selleck CB-839 the time trial performance tests (PT) are shown in Figure 5. A significant interaction effect was found for total distance covered (F = 12.231; P = 0.004). No differences were reported between conditions for PT1. However, with PL, average distance covered fell from 21.64 ± 0.58 km in PT1 to 17.27 ± 0.62 km in PT2 (P = 0.0001), representing a 20.2% reduction in performance. Total distance covered was also lower in PT2 compared to PT1 with CPE (20.23 ± 0.65 km v 22.55 ± 0.34 km respectively; P = 0.02), representing a 10.3% reduction in performance. However, there was a significant difference Tolmetin between conditions following PT2, with the CPE group cycling

on average 2.96 km further than the PL group (P = 0.003) representing a 17.1% difference between conditions. Figure 5 Assessment of test beverages on total distance covered km) during a 45 minute cycling performance test. Data is presented as mean ± SE; n = 16. PL, Placebo; CPE, carbohydrate-protein-electrolyte; PT1, performance time trial 1, PT2, performance time trial 2. * denotes significant difference P < 0.05) between trials within condition only.# denotes significant difference from PL within trial P = 0.003). Additionally, assessment of distance covered in the last 15 minutes of the PT revealed a significant interaction effect (F = 6.288; P = 0.024), with mean distance reducing from 7.29 ± 0.21 km to 5.81 ± 0.24 km with PL across trials (P = 0.0001), and from 7.76 ± 0.15 km to 6.