6 as the criterion for inclusion as a corroborative attribute pro

6 as the criterion for inclusion as a corroborative attribute processed by find more the SVM classification model. The latter used a Gaussian radial-basis-function

(RBF) kernel and the error penalty factor C was fixed to 1. A two-fold cross-validation resampling technique was employed.

Results: A total of 41 patients had 115 defibrillation instances. AMSA, slope and RMS waveform metrics performed test validation with AUC > 0.6 for predicting termination of VF and return-to-organised rhythm. Predictive accuracy of the optimised SVM design for termination of VF was 81.9% (+/-1.24 SD); positive and negative predictivity were respectively 84.3% (+/-1.98 SD) and 77.4% (+/-1.24 SD); sensitivity and specificity were 87.6% (+/-2.69 SD) and 71.6% (+/-9.38 SD) respectively.

Conclusions: AMSA, slope and RMS were the best VF waveform frequency-time parameters predictors of termination of VF according to test validity assessment. This a priori can be used for a simplified SVM optimised design that combines the predictive attributes of these VF waveform metrics for improved prediction accuracy and generalisation performance without requiring the definition of any threshold value on

waveform metrics. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Aim: Ejection force of the fetal cardiac ventricles selleck chemicals has previously been described from 18 weeks of gestation. We aimed to establish gestation-specific reference intervals for ventricular ejection force (VEF) from 12 to 40 weeks of pregnancy.

Material and Methods: In a cross-sectional observational study of singleton pregnancies, examinations were performed in 236 women evenly distributed across each week of pregnancy from 12 to 40 weeks. Each mother was scanned once. For the aortic and pulmonary valves, the time to peak velocity (TPV) and the average (TAV) and

peak flow velocity in systole (PSV) was measured. For each we averaged values from three consecutive complexes. The outlet valve diameters were measured and the VEF on both the right and left sides were calculated using the formula ARN-509 research buy VEF = (1.055 x valve area x time to peak velocity x TAV) x (PSV/TPV) where 1.055 represents the density of blood. Measurements were repeated in 40 women to assess intraobserver reproducibility and in 19 women for interobserver variability.

Results: We present reference intervals for right and left VEF. We demonstrated that the ventricular force on both right and left sides increases with advancing gestational age.

Conclusion: Fetal cardiac physiology can be studied and Doppler indices reliably measured as early as the late first trimester of pregnancy. Ventricular ejection force and its relationship with fetal growth could be explored in future studies and this may eventually provide better understanding of changes which may predispose to adult cardiac disease.

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