Biomechanical responses of the FE models under diurnal compression and moment loads were compared with corresponding in vivo published studies.

Results. Model II with disc quadrant-based inhomogeneous poroelastic tissue properties predicted better, mainly in flexion and extension, than the Model I with homogeneous tissue properties when compared with the corresponding Entinostat datasheet in vivo results, thereby confirming the current study hypothesis. Inhomogeneous tissue properties govern segmental behavior mainly during sagittal plane motions, with a root-mean-square difference of nearly 50% across the

motion segments.

Conclusion. The current data justify the need to simulate inhomogeneous tissue properties within disc quadrants for any FE model analysis. Model II can be further used to understand

the biomechanical effects of quadrant-based degenerative poroelastic tissue properties on cervical spine behavior. Future experiments are necessary to support the current study results.”
“Acute decompensated Wilson’s disease (WD) that presents as fulminant hepatic failure carries significant mortality without hepatic replacement. The abnormal gene implicated in WD, ATP7B, has been mapped to chromosome 13, and leads to decreased passage of copper from hepatocytes to bile. Excess copper accumulation exceeds hepatocyte storage capacity resulting in intracellular necrosis, apoptosis and cell death in various organs of the body. The hepatic injury induced by the abnormal accumulation Emricasan datasheet of copper in WD

selleck has variable presentation such as acute hepatitis, rapid hepatic deterioration resembling fulminant hepatic failure, or as progressive chronic liver disease in the form of chronic active hepatitis or cirrhosis. There are reports in the literature describing monozygotic (identical) twins with similar hepatic progression requiring liver transplantation, however, with different neurological outcome after transplant. We report a case of one monozygotic twin presenting with acute liver failure requiring emergent liver transplantation while the other twin presented with mild liver disease, when both shared an identical genetic mutation.”
“Study Design. A retrospective case series.

Objective. To propose a novel treatment strategy for chronic atlantoaxial rotatory fixation (AARF).

Summary of Background Data. Treatment strategy for chronic or recurrent AARF remains controversial. We have previously reported that a deformity of the superior facet of the axis (C2 facet deformity), which is frequently observed in patients with chronic AARFs, is a risk factor for recurrent dislocation. In this article, we report seven consecutive cases of chronic AARF who underwent closed manipulation followed by external halo fixation and maintained good reduction with the remodeling of the C2 facet deformity.

Methods.