Brain MRI was performed before, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery with the dog under general inhalant anesthesia using a GE Signa HDx 3/0T scanner. A sagittal localizer series (TR = 400 ms/time and TE = 20 ms) was performed Crizotinib mw to delineate subsequent transverse images. The following MR images were acquired Libraries precontrast: sagittal T2 (TE = 105, TR = 2967, 2.5 mm slice thickness, 0.2 mm slice spacing), axial T2 (TE = 102,
TR = 3000, 2.5 mm slice thickness, 0.2 mm slice spacing), dorsal T2 (TE = 102, TR = 3017, 3.0 mm slice thickness, 0.2 mm slice spacing), axial T2 flair (TE = 120, TR = 8000, 2.5 mm slice thickness, 0.2 mm slice spacing), axial gradient (TE = 13.5, TR = 800, 2.5 mm slice thickness, 0.2 mm slice spacing), axial T1 flair (TE = min full, TR = 2500, 2.5 mm slice thickness, 0.2 mm slice spacing), DWI (TE = min, TR = 10,000, 2.4 mm slice thickness), DTI (TE = min, TR = 10,000, 3.0 mm slice thickness, 0.3 mm slice spacing), 3DT of MTFS (TE = min, TR = min, 1.6 mm slice thickness with 2 overlap locations). Further images were aquired after gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) bismethylamide at 0.1-mmol/kg body weight (BW) (Omniscan, Selleck PI3K Inhibitor Library GE Healthcare Inc, Princeton, NJ): axial T1 flair (TE = min full, TR = 2500, 2.5 mm slice thickness, 0.2 mm slice spacing), sagittal TI (TE = min full, TR = 700, 2.5 mm slice thickness, 0.2 mm slice spacing), dorsal T1 (TE = min
full, TR = 700, 3.0 mm slice thickness, 0.2 mm slice spacing). The scans were MycoClean Mycoplasma Removal Kit evaluated for tumor location, signal intensity, gadolinium enhancement pattern, peritumoral edema and tumor volume. For the surgical procedure,
the dog was placed in sternal recumbency with the head elevated and secured in a craniotomy head stand to prevent jugular vein occlusion. Intravenous catheters were aseptically placed in peripheral veins to administer propofol (6 mg/kg/min continuous intravenous infusion) to maintain general anesthesia and lactated Ringers solution (10 mL/kg/h) throughout the procedure and for administration of other drugs. Antibiotic prophylaxis was given using cefazolin (22 mg/kg BW IV), 20 min prior to surgery, every 90 min during surgery. A cuffed endotracheal tube was placed to administer oxygen to induce mild hypocapnia (PaCO2 25–35 mmHg). Capnometry (Datex 254 Airway Gas Analyzer, Puritan-Bennett Corp., Wilmington, MA) and arterial blood gas measurements (AVL 995 pH/blood gas analyzer, AVL Scientific Corp., Roswell, GA) were performed to verify maintenance of a hypocapnic state. A catheter was placed in a dorsal pedal artery and connected to an electronic pressure transducer (Transpac II pressure transducer, Abbott Critical Care System, North Chicago, IL) and a pressure monitor (Vital Signs Monitor, PhysioControl VSMI, PhysioControl Inc., Redmond, WA) to directly measure mean arterial blood pressure.