Cells were incubated for 48 h at 37°C, then treated with BBR for

Cells were incubated for 48 h at 37°C, then STA-9090 clinical trial treated with BBR for an additional 24 h. Statistical analysis All data were expressed as mean ± SD of three independent experiments, and analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc testing or two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s Multiple Comparison Test for multiple comparison KU-57788 in vitro involved. These analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism software version 5.0 (GraphPad Software, CA, USA). Asterisks showed in the figures indicate significant differences

of experimental groups in comparison with the corresponding control condition. P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results BBR inhibited human lung carcinoma cell growth and caused G0/G1 arrest in a dose- and time-dependent manner We first detected the effect of BBR on cell growth in human NSCLC cells A549 by MTT assay. As show in Figure 1A and B, BBR decreased the cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner with maximal dose of 50 μM at 48 h treatment. Similar results were also observed in other NSCLC cell lines (Figure 1C). To further examine the effects of BBR on cell proliferation, cell cycle phase distribution of NSCLC cells treated with increased doses of BBR for 24 h was analyzed by Flow cytometry after propidium iodide staining.

find protocol We showed that, compared with the untreated control cells, BBR significant increased the proportion of cells at G0/G1 phase, while the proportion of cells at S phases were reduced (Figure 1D) suggesting that BBR induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase in A549 cells. Figure 1 Berberine (BBR) inhibited human lung carcinoma cell growth and caused G0/G1 arrest in a dose- and time-dependent manner. A, A549 cells were treated with increased concentrations of BBR for 48 h to examine the cell viability. B, A549 cells were treated with BBR (50 μM) for the indicated time to examine

the cell viability. O-methylated flavonoid C, NSCLC cell lines indicated were treated with BBR (50 μM) for 48 h. The cell viability was determined using the MTT assay as described in the Materials and Methods Section and was expressed as percentage of control in the mean ± SD of three separate experiments. *indicates significant difference as compared to the untreated control group (P < 0.05). D, A549 cells were treated with increased doses of BBR for 24 h. Afterwards, the cells were collected and processed for analysis of cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry after propidium iodide (PI) staining. And the percentages of the cell population in each phase (G0/G1, S and G2/M) of cell cycle were assessed by Multicycle AV DNA Analysis Software. Data are expressed as a percentage of total cells. Values are given as the mean ± SD from 3 independent experiments performed in triplicate. *indicates significant difference as compared to the untreated control group (P < 0.05). BBR induced apoptosis in NSCLC cells We also examine the effect of BBR on apoptosis in NSCLC cells.

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