, Chicago, IL, USA) was used for statistical analysis. Numerical data were expressed as mean �� standard deviation, while categorical data www.selleckchem.com/products/Bicalutamide(Casodex).html were expressed as number and percent. A chi squared test was used to compare two groups of categorical data e.g., sex. Unpaired t-student test was used to compare numerical parametric data e.g., age. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare two groups of non-parametric data e.g., results of pH metry. Pearson r-test was used to correlate different parameters. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated to determine the predictive accuracy of different diagnostic test. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were used to illustrate the relation between sensitivity (proportion of true positive results) and specificity (proportion of false positive results).

The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was determined and considered to be of good accuracy if more than 0.70. P value was calculated after each statistical test, and considered to be significant if less than 0.05 and highly significant if less than 0.01.ResultsAccording to BAL results, patients were subdivided into two groups. Group A: This group included patients with VAP. There were 16 patients with a mean age of 16.6 �� 20.5 months. There were 12 males (75%) and 4 females (25%), and after follow up of these cases, they had been subdivided into 12 non-survivors and 4 survivors patients. Group B: This included patients who did not develop VAP and acted as a control group. There were 8 patients with a mean age of 41 �� 50.7 months. There were 6 males and 2 females.

Age was not statistically different between the VAP patients and the control patients without VAP (mean age of 16.6 �� 20.5 and 18.6 �� 22.4 months, respectively). The original diagnosis among VAP patients was 2 with encephalitis, 1 with Guillain Barre Syndrome, 1 with Werding Hoffman disease, 4 with gastro-enteritis and shock, 2 with intracranial hemorrhage, 2 with onchological problems with central nervous system (CNS) infiltrates, 2 with acute severe asthma and 2 patients with acute bronchiolitis. The original diagnosis among non-VAP patients was 1 with encephalitis, 1 with Werding Hoffman disease, 2 with atonic cerebral palsy, 2 with acute leukemia with CNS infiltrates and 2 patients with congenital cyanotic heart disease. There was no statistically significant difference between VAP and non-VAP patients as regards PRISM II score (18.

7 �� 3.6 versus 17 �� 3.2, respectively). Similarly, there was no significant difference Entinostat between VAP and non-VAP patients as regards the initial ventilatory settings (Respiratory rate was 48.58 �� 0.51 versus 41.50 �� 10.89; P > 0.05, Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP) was 17.00 �� 2.71 versus 17.65 �� 0.81; P > 0.05, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was 4.00 �� 0.00 versus 4.00 �� 0.00, PS was 12.40 �� 0.27 versus 13.10 �� 0.94; P > 0.05 and fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) was 79.8 �� 0.8% versus 75.00 �� 1.12; P > 0.05).