Using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS, the endogenous metabolites in serum samples of the blank control, model, and low, medium, and high Huaihua Powder groups were investigated. Utilizing multivariate analytical techniques like principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), pattern recognition was undertaken. Mass Profiler Professional (MPP) B.1400 screened potential biomarkers, employing a fold change threshold of 2 and a p-value less than 0.05. HDV infection Pathway enrichment analysis, conducted using MetaboAnalyst 50, highlighted significant metabolic pathways. The results showed that Huaihua Powder treatment had a marked positive impact on mice with ulcerative colitis, resulting in improved general condition, colon tissue structure, a lower disease activity index, and reduced serum concentrations of TNF-, IL-6, and IL-1. Thirty-eight possible biomarkers were determined to be tied to Huaihua Powder's regulatory influence, largely concerning glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, glucuronic acid reciprocal conversions, and glutathione metabolism. A metabolomics approach was adopted in this study to analyze the mechanism of action of Huaihua Powder in ulcerative colitis treatment, setting the groundwork for future investigations.

In a groundbreaking investigation, using a rat model of acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), the restorative effects of L-borneol, natural borneol, and synthetic borneol on distinct brain regions were compared for the first time. This study potentially guides the prudent implementation of borneol in the early treatment of ischemic stroke and carries significant implications for both academia and practical application. Rats, male, Sprague-Dawley, specific pathogen-free (SPF) and healthy, were divided into 13 treatment groups in a randomised fashion: a control group, a model group, a Tween-treated model group, a nimodipine positive control group, and three further groups for each of L-borneol, natural borneol, and synthetic borneol, with doses of 0.2, 0.1, and 0.005 g/kg respectively, all according to the body weight of the rat. The rat model for ischemia-reperfusion, prepared through suture occlusion after a preliminary three-day administration, was validated through laser speckle imaging. A single day of treatment was given to the agents, classified into different groups. Starting before pre-administration, measurements of body temperature were recorded regularly on days 1, 2, and 3 of pre-administration. A further check was performed two hours after the model awoke, followed by a final assessment one day post model establishment. Neurological function was measured twice – at two hours and then again the next day following awakening – using the Zea-Longa score and the modified neurological severity score (mNSS). Following the last administration, the rats were anesthetized 30 minutes later, and blood was extracted from the abdominal aorta. To determine the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed. To calculate the cerebral infarction rate, brain tissues were stained with triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC), and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to observe and semi-quantitatively assess the pathological damage in diverse regions of the brain. The expression of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1) in microglia was assessed via the immunohistochemical method. Quantitative PCR (q-PCR) was used to evaluate the mRNA expression of iNOS and arginase 1 (Arg1), providing insights into microglia polarization phenotypes, specifically M1 and M2. Compared to the sham-operated control group, the model and Tween model groups demonstrated notably higher body temperature, Zea-Longa scores, mNSS scores, and cerebral infarction rates. Cortical, hippocampal, and striatal damage was severe, and serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α increased, while serum levels of IL-4 and TGF-β1 decreased. After the rats were subjected to modeling, a decrease in their body temperature was noted one day later, a consequence of the three borneol products. Treatment with synthetic borneol at 0.2 and 0.05 grams per kilogram, and L-borneol at 0.1 grams per kilogram, significantly decreased the values for both the Zea-Longa score and mNSS. The three borneol products, given at a dose of 0.2 g/kg, produced a statistically significant reduction in the cerebral infarction rate. Cortical pathology was considerably reduced by the application of L-borneol at 0.2 and 0.1 grams per kilogram dosages, and natural borneol at a dose of 0.1 grams per kilogram. The administration of 0.1 g/kg of both L-borneol and natural borneol reduced the pathological damage in the hippocampus, and 0.2 g/kg of L-borneol alone similarly mitigated the damage in the striatum. The 0.02 g/kg L-borneol, along with three doses of natural and synthetic borneol, demonstrably decreased the serum TNF- levels, while 0.01 g/kg synthetic borneol exhibited a reduction in IL-6 levels. Cortical microglia activation was markedly reduced by the 0.2 g/kg dose of L-borneol and synthetic borneol. In conclusion, the three borneol products could potentially mitigate inflammation, reducing the pathological damage in the rat brain regions during the acute I/R period by suppressing microglia activation and promoting a transition from M1 to M2 microglia polarization. A trend in brain protection was observed, with L-borneol exhibiting the greatest effect, then synthetic borneol, and lastly, natural borneol. In the acute I/R scenario, L-borneol stands out as the foremost initial treatment choice.

A comparative analysis of Bufonis Venenum from Bufo gargarizans gargarizans and B. gararizans andrewsi was conducted, alongside an evaluation of the zebrafish model's relevance in supporting the market value of Bufonis Venenum. Twenty batches of Bufonis Venenum, comprising specimens of B. gargarizans gargarizans and B. gararizans andrewsi, were collected from Jiangsu, Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin, and Liangshan, Sichuan provinces. UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS, in conjunction with principal component analysis, served to contrast the differences between the two forms of Bufonis Venenum. Under the constraints of VIP>1, FC<0.05 or FC>20, and a peak total area ratio exceeding 1%, nine differential markers were identified: cinobufagin, cinobufotalin, arenobufagin, resibufogenin, scillaredin A, resibufagin, 3-(N-suberoylargininyl)-arenobufagin, 3-(N-suberoylargininyl)-marinobufagin, and 3-(N-suberoylargininyl)-resibufogenin. The content of 20 batches of Bufonis Venenum was assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography in accordance with the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Two batches, CS7 (with 899% of the total content) and CS9 (with 503% of the total content), which differed most significantly in the three quality control indexes (bufalin, cinobufagin, and resibufogenin) of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, were chosen to evaluate their anti-liver tumor activity, employing a zebrafish model. Results show that tumor inhibition rates in the two batches reached 3806% and 4529%, respectively, thereby invalidating the use of solely the quality control indexes from the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as the sole criterion for market circulation of Bufonis Venenum. selleckchem The research data validates the potential for optimizing the utilization of Bufonis Venenum resources and developing a scientifically sound quality evaluation system.

To understand the chemical composition of Rhododendron nivale, this study employed various chromatographic methods to isolate and obtain five novel meroterpenoid enantiomers (1a/1b-5a/5b) from the ethyl acetate extract of R. nivale. biostatic effect Structural elucidation was achieved through the application of various spectral analytical techniques, including high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and further refined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) measurements and calculations. ()-anthoponoid G (5a/5b) along with ()-nivalones A-B (1a/1b-2a/2b) and ()-nivalnoids C-D (3a/3b-4a/4b) were the names given to the new compounds 1a/1b-4a/4b. The protective effects of isolated compounds against oxidative damage in nerve cells were determined using hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) treated SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma) cells as oxidative stress models. It has been determined that compounds 2a and 3a possess a certain protective function against H₂O₂-mediated oxidative damage to nerve cells at 50 mol/L, leading to an increase in cell survival rate from 4402% ± 30% to 6782% ± 112% and 6220% ± 187% respectively. Substantial protective effects against oxidative cell damage were not observed in the other substances tested. These findings augment the chemical constituents of *R. nivale*, yielding valuable information for determining the structure of its meroterpenoids.

TCM enterprises possess a significant trove of product quality review (PQR) data. The analysis of these data unearths crucial knowledge within production, leading to advancements in pharmaceutical manufacturing technology. Research into PQR data mining is insufficient, which leads to a lack of actionable guidance for enterprises hoping to interpret this data. This study presented a method for extracting insights from PQR data, comprising four functional modules: data acquisition and preparation, variable risk categorization, batch-wise risk assessment, and quality regression analysis. In addition, a case study of the TCM product formulation process was conducted to demonstrate the methodology. The 2019-2021 case study amassed data from 398 product batches, encompassing 65 process variables. The process performance index dictated the classification of variable-related risks. A multi-faceted risk assessment of each batch, incorporating short-term and long-term evaluations, allowed for the identification of the critical variables influencing product quality by utilizing partial least squares regression.