e., which core objectives are targeted? (2) With respect to which core objectives are implications of activities considered? Analogous to the identified focus on environmental integrity (for future generations), environment–development combination and comprehensive conception, the projects’ sustainability conceptions were found to either combine environmental integrity with intergenerational equity or intra-generational equity elements, or feature crucial elements of all
three core objectives. Thus, on a project level, the identified sustainability conceptions focused on a single core objective, on a combination of two core objectives, or considered all of them. Metabolism inhibitor Whereas the identified foci and Mocetinostat combinations might be somewhat typical for research on land use issues, other foci and combinations are equally imaginable. Environmental integrity (for future generations) Projects Savolitinib price that advanced sustainability notions focusing on environmental integrity (for future generations) used predominantly natural scientific research approaches. Depending on the state of the ecosystems in question, the main concerns ranged from conserving ecosystems
and their services through more sustainable land use forms, to restoring them. Implications of advocated
actions on other core objectives to some extent concerned intergenerational equity. In being directed at future ecosystem service provision, the notion of MOUNT for example entailed not only an ecological focus, but also a concern for future generations: it addressed their ability to meet their needs in ways that allowed preservation of the prevailing ecosystems providing important services. Environment–development combination Another group of projects’ sustainability conceptions addressed both environmental integrity and intra-generational equity. These projects combined mostly natural with social scientific approaches and were conducted in developing countries. Idoxuridine They represented the often-quoted integration of environmental and development concerns (e.g. van Egmond and de Vries 2011). LIV for example advocated balancing forest conversion and protection by combining a resource-conserving use of remaining forest areas with the goal of local inhabitants’ ability to meet their basic needs, especially food security. It did not address intergenerational equity directly, although this concern might have been resonating to some extent as well. Comprehensive conception Comprehensive sustainability conceptions addressed all three core objectives directly.