In Bangladesh, enrollment into this immunogenicity cohort ran from July to August 2007, while in Vietnam, it took place in a single month at pre-selected sites. A total of 303 infants (149 [74 PRV: 75 placebo] in Bangladesh and 154 [74 PRV: 80 placebo] in Vietnam) out of 2036 trial participants were enrolled in the immunogenicity cohort. Blood serum samples were collected from each infant before the first dose (pD1) and approximately 14 days following the third dose (PD3). The seroresponse rates and geometric mean titers (GMTs) were measured for anti-rotavirus IgA and SNA to human rotavirus serotypes G1, G2, G3, G4, and P1A[8], respectively [21]. Sero-response was defined as ≥3-fold

rise from pD1 to PD3 as described elsewhere [21], find more [22], [23], [24] and [25]. Traditionally, a 4-fold rise criterion has been used for doubling dilution assays. For the assays employed in this study, however, as well as throughout the clinical development of PRV, a 3-fold rise in titer

has been used as validation experiments showed that selleck chemical these assays were specific, reproducible, and sensitive enough to be able to detect a 3-fold difference with 90% power at the 5% significance level. Serum samples were frozen and kept at −20 °C in laboratories at ICDDR, B in Matlab, and at Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang until the samples were shipped to Merck Research Laboratories. All immunologic assays were performed at Children’s Hospital Medicine Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. The immunogenicity analyses were based on the per-protocol population (i.e., excluding protocol violators), subjects with valid data based on laboratory results from samples taken within the protocol-specified day range, and subjects without intervening laboratory confirmed wild-type rotavirus disease. The proportion of subjects achieving a seroresponse, as measured by serum anti-rotavirus IgA responses and SNA responses to human rotavirus serotypes contained in PRV, was calculated for the two countries combined,

aminophylline as well as for each country. The GMTs for serum anti-rotavirus IgA and SNA were summarized at pD1 and PD3. The associated 95% confidence intervals were calculated based on binomial and normal distribution methodology, respectively. Immunogenicity analyses were also performed on sub-populations of particular interest that were not specified in the protocol (post hoc analysis), including those subjects who received OPV concomitantly (on the same day) with each of the 3 doses of PRV or placebo, and those who did not receive OPV concomitantly with each of the 3 doses of PRFV or placebo. Among the 303 infants enrolled in the immunogenicity cohort, 263 had both pD1 and PD3 data on anti-rotavirus IgA responses. Approximately 88% of these infants exhibited a ≥3-fold rise between pD1 and PD3 (Table 1).