In the present study, three bile acids were analyzed in accordance with the clinical processes: total bile acid (TBA), total bilirubin (TBIL) and direct bilirubin (DBIL). Duodenogastric reflux imaging Twenty eight patients of DGR group and www.selleckchem.com/products/Paclitaxel(Taxol).html 19 persons of control group were subjected to hepatobiliary scintigraphy for the diagnosis of DGR. 99mTc-ethyl hepatic iminodiacetic acid (EHIDA) imaging was performed using single-photon emission-computed tomography (SPE-CT)/CT (PHILIPS Precedence 16 SPE-CT/CT, Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV, The Netherlands) in accordance with our institution��s standard protocol. Stress and rest images were acquired 1 h after injecting 111-185 MBq (3-5mCi) of technetium 99m ethyl hepatic iminodiacetic acid, [99mTc(CO)3(EHIDA)]-.

Patients were in fasting, non-smoking for 4-12 h and oral potassium perchlorate 400 mg was taken to close the thyroid function before examination. DGR was studied scintigraphically using a modified and extended version of the conventional hepatobiliary scintigraphy. The study was conducted with the patient in the supine position and the gamma camera detector placed above the patients�� abdomen. About 111-185 MBq [99mTc(CO)3(EHIDA)]- (99mTc-EHIDA) was injected intravenously. Gallbladder contraction was then stimulated by a fatty meal and/or intravenous cholecystokinin (1-5 units/kg). SPECT was performed by acquiring 32 projections over 180�� (from 45��RAO to 45��LPO) on a circular, 400-mm field of view gamma camera. Serial images of the liver and hepatobiliary system were obtained at every 5 min up to one hour, followed by imaging at every 10 min for the next two hours.

At the end of the study, 20-40 MBq 99mTc-EHIDA was given orally to confirm the location of the stomach if necessary. In this research, the films of all participants, showing both SPECT and planar projection image, were evaluated retrospectively by two nuclear consultant radiologists working together. Scans were scored as positive for DGR only if the two physicians agreed on the presence of DGR. Retrograde movement of radioactivity from the duodenum into the stomach was considered abnormal and diagnostic of DGR. DGRi was calculated to estimate the severity of DGR, following the formula: DGRi (%) = Supreme count rate in the stomachIntrahepatic supreme count rate��100% Statistical analysis All statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Analysis Software IBM SPSS Statistics 20 (Chicago, IL, United States).

Dacomitinib The significance level was set at 0.05 for all statistical tests. Values are expressed as mean �� SD or stand error of mean. Continuous data of gastric juice and DGRi were using the Independent-samples Mann-Whitney U-test between DGR and control group. The relationship among the TBA, DBIL and TBIL of DGR group was analysed by Spearman��s rank correlation test and Fisher��s linear discriminant analysis.