On the other hand, a study by Sahota et al. [53] from the school-based intervention group showed an insignificant result and a study by Janicki et al. [50] did not report the post intervention weight changes in the result. Studies by kinase inhibitor Tofacitinib [58,67] showed a P<0.0001. Post treatment BMI outcome Short term evaluation of family-based intervention studies reported a significant decrease in post intervention value of P < 0.001 and a study by Sacher et al. [56] reported a value of P = .10. A study by Janicki et al. [50] did not report BMI as an outcome, whereas four studies from the school-based intervention group [52,57,60,61] reported a significant reduction in BMI; nevertheless, one by Sahota et al. [53] reported an insignificant decrease. Post treatment BMI Z score A study by Janicki et al.

[50] showed a BMI z score as the only outcome measure which compared three different groups: family-based, parent only and wait listed. The parent only group showed a significant reduction when compared to the waitlist group. However, no significant difference was found between the family-based and parent only groups. Further, a study by Sacher et al. [56], reported P <0.0001 for 6 months and 0.7 during the 12 months follow up. This shows that the reduction in the BMI Z score is not maintained long term, which was not reported in school-based intervention studies. Post treatment percentage overweight Three studies [51,55,59] from the family-based intervention group and a study [52] from the school-based intervention group reported a significant decrease in percentage overweight.

A study by Kalarchian et al. [51] reported a significant reduction by P=0.0001, .0004 and .02 for six, twelve and eighteen months. Secondary outcome Grey Literature In developing a Consensus Statement for childhood obesity, the international assembly presented Carfilzomib the evidence, developed recommendations and served a platform, which aimed to offer future remedial actions on international context. Apart from other pharmacological treatment, the consensus statement also emphasised that family-based programmes which include a behavioural programme might be effective in treating obesity among children [69]. Excluded studies Ten studies [4,70-78] were excluded from the review due to the various reasons detailed in Tables Tables33 and and55. Discussion Thirteen randomised control trials were included in this review, of which eight were based on family-based interventions and five were school-based interventions. The included studies were based only on treatment aspects of childhood obesity by comparing two strategies such as family and school-based interventions.