Studies in the rat hippocampus have been shown that BDNF is capable to rescue that late-phase of long-term potentiation as well as

the hippocampus-related LTM when protein synthesis was inhibited. Our previous studies on the insular cortex (IC), a region of the temporal cortex implicated in the acquisition and storage of conditioned taste aversion (CTA), have demonstrated that intracortical delivery of BDNF reverses that deficit in CTA memory caused by the inhibition of IC protein synthesis due to anisomycin administration during early acquisition. In this work, we first analyze whether CTA memory storage is protein synthesis-dependent in different time analyze whether CTA memory storage is protein synthesis-dependent in different time windows. We observed that CTA memory became sensible to protein synthesis inhibition 5 and 7h after acqisition. Then, we explore that effect of BDNF delivery (2 mu g/2 mu l check details per side) in the IC during those late protein synthesis-dependent phases. Our results show that BDNF reverses the

CTA memory deficit produced by protein synthesis inhibition in both phases. These AZD9291 in vivo findings support the notion that recurrent rounds of consolidation-like events take place in the neocortex for maintencance of CTA memory trace and that BDNF is and essential component of these processes.”
“OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between different types of child maltreatment and the presence of psychiatric disorders in highly vulnerable children and adolescents served selleck by a multidisciplinary program.

METHODS: In total, 351 patients with a mean age of 12.47, of whom 68.7% were male and 82.1% lived in shelters, underwent psychiatric evaluations based on the Kiddie-Sads-Present and Lifetime Version. Two different methods were used to evaluate maltreatment: medical records were reviewed to identify previous diagnoses related to socioeconomic and psychosocial circumstances, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was used to

obtain a structured history of trauma. Bivariate associations were evaluated between psychiatric disorders and evidence of each type and the frequency of abuse.

RESULTS: The most frequent psychiatric diagnoses were substance use disorders, affective disorders and specific disorders of early childhood, whereas 13.67% of the sample had no psychiatric diagnosis. All patients suffered neglect, and 58.4% experienced physical or sexual abuse. The presence of a history of multiple traumas was only associated with a diagnosis of substance use disorder. Mental retardation showed a strong positive association with reported physical abuse and emotional neglect. However, a negative correlation was found when we analyzed the presence of a history of multiple traumas and mental retardation.