Studies on the activity

of the recombinant protein with enveloped virus (rubella virus, herpes simplex virus and measles virus) were performed. In this case, the virus replication was inhibited by about 4 logs for the rubella virus and about 6 logs for the herpes simplex virus (data not shown). The production of this protein is being optimizing both in Sf9 and in UFLAG insect cells; we are also determining the stability of rAVLO, as well as defining the effective dose of the protein. The authors acknowledge the financial support of FAPESP (2008/57263-5) and CAPES. “
“Human adenoviruses are double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses associated with a wide range Fulvestrant manufacturer of human diseases. They are mainly responsible for self-limiting respiratory and intestinal infections,

and predominantly affect children and young adults (Lenaerts et al., 2008). However, more severe manifestations, learn more including hemorrhagic cystitis, nephritis, pneumonia, hepatitis, enterocolitis, and disseminated disease, are observed in immunocompromised patients, such as solid-organ and, in particular, allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients (Echavarria, 2008, Ison, 2006 and Kojaoghlanian et al., 2003). These manifestations can be life-threatening or even lethal. In the case of disseminated disease, mortality rates as high as 80% have been reported (Blanke et al., 1995, Hale et al., 1999, Howard et al., 1999, Lion et al., 2003 and Munoz et al., 1998). Severe manifestations are most commonly associated with serotypes from species B and C (Kojaoghlanian et al., 2003), with

a high prevalence of species C in certain geographical areas (Ebner et al., 2006, Lion et al., 2003 and Lion et al., 2010). In the immunocompetent host, a severe manifestation of adenovirus infection is epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC). This is predominantly associated with serotypes 8, 19, and 37 (all belonging to species D), is highly contagious, and can have severe consequences on visual acuity (Gordon et al., 1996). Besides, EKC is generally SPTLC1 associated with significant morbidity, which results in considerable economic losses. The most common agents for treating adenovirus infections are ribavirin and cidofovir. However, apparent clinical efficacy has been demonstrated only for cidofovir. Although cidofovir is widely used, its activity is limited and insufficient to completely prevent fatal outcomes among hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients (Lenaerts et al., 2008, Lindemans et al., 2010, Ljungman et al., 2003, Symeonidis et al., 2007 and Yusuf et al., 2006). Furthermore, concomitant recovery of the immune system may be necessary for complete adenovirus clearance (Chakrabarti et al., 2002, Heemskerk et al., 2005 and Lindemans et al., 2010). Cidofovir displays significant nephrotoxicity and limited bioavailability, and this has prompted the development of improved derivatives. However, the effectiveness of these compounds is still under evaluation (Hartline et al.