The animals underwent 30 min of left anterior descending artery occlusion and subsequent reperfusion for 120 min.

Results: Myocardial infarct size (IS) was reduced in R-1W (28.4 +/- 6.3%, p < 0.001), R-4W (27.8 +/- 7.4, p < 0.001), L-4W

(31.8 +/- 6%, p < 0.05) and L-10W (25.3 +/- 5.7, p < 0.001) groups compared Selleck Saracatinib with a saline group (48.3 +/- 7.8%). A significant reduction in the number of ventricular ectopic beats (VEBs) was noted in groups R-1W (209 +/- 41, p < 0.01), R-4W (176 +/- 39, p < 0.01), L-4W (215 +/- 52, p < 0.05) and L-10W (191 +/- 61, p < 0.01 vs. saline 329 +/- 48). The incidence of irreversible ventricular fibrillation (VF) and mortality were decreased significantly only in L-10W group.

There were no significant decreases in episodes of VT, the incidence of irreversible VF and mortality in all of the groups treated with ramiprilat.

Conclusion: These data indicate that losartan and ramiprilat protect the heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury independently of their hemodynamic effects but in a time-dependent manner.”
“Objective: To review the presentation and evaluation

of laryngotracheoesophageal clefts as well as their treatment modalities, especially endoscopic closure.

Study design: retrospective case series.

Methods: All patients treated for laryngotracheoesophageal clefts in our clinic during the last 15 years were included. Analysis of preoperative 查看更多 data, surgical success and functional outcome was performed.

Results: A total of 18 patients were included in our study. Cleft distribution was: type I (n=1), Selleck MLN0128 type II (n=3), type IIIa (n=5), type IIIb (n=8) and type IVa (n=1). All clefts were closed endoscopically by CO2 laser repair except for two patients who benfited from open surgery (one type I, one type IIIb). 7 of our 18 patients (39%)

experienced a complication necessitating reoperation. Surgical treatment of LTEC allowed cessation of feeding tube assistance and artificial ventilation in 47% and 42% of patients respectively.

Conclusion: Surgical treatement of laryngotracheoesophageal clefts remains a complex procedure with a high rate of morbidity for high grade clefts. Post-surgical difficulties in feeding and breathing are associated with concomitant congenital anomalies. Endoscopic repair is a successful technique for treating up to grade IIIa laryngealc lefts. Further investigation is needed to assess the best approach for treating longer clefts. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The interactions between the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and angiotensin II (ANG II), and their direct effects in vitro on the enzymes involved in vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, were examined.

Rats were treated with guanethidine, losartan or the combined treatments.