The first network, synchronizing in the beta-band (Figure 3), consisted of frontal (FEF) and parietal (posterior IPS) regions that have been

implicated in multistable perception (Leopold and Logothetis, 1999, Lumer et al., 1998 and Sterzer et al., 2009) and the control of selective attention (Barcelo et al., 2000, Corbetta and Shulman, 2002, Kastner and Ungerleider, 2000, Moore et al., 2003, Posner and Dehaene, 1994 and Serences and Yantis, 2006). Furthermore, the network included early sensory processing stages selective for the ambiguous feature at hand (here: visual motion, MT+) (Tootell et al., 1995). Thus, fluctuations of beta-synchrony between these stages may reflect fluctuations of visual attention that modulate the perceptual organization Forskolin datasheet of the stimulus, with strong interactions favoring the bounce percept. Our results extend previous CHIR-99021 order findings that have implicated beta-band activity across frontal and parietal regions in visual attention, decision making, and sensorimotor integration (Buschman and Miller, 2007, Donner et al., 2007, Gross et al., 2004, Kopell et al., 2000, Pesaran et al., 2008 and Roelfsema et al., 1997). We propose that beta-band synchronization may serve

as a general mechanism mediating large-scale interactions across a network of frontal, parietal, and extrastriate visual areas. The second network synchronizing in the gamma-band (Figure 4 and Figure 5) included central areas consistent with sensorimotor and premotor regions, as well as temporal

areas. Both regions have been implicated in multisensory processing. Premotor regions are responsive to auditory, visual, and somatosensory stimuli (Fogassi et al., 1996, Graziano et al., 1994, Graziano et al., 1999 and Lemus et al., 2009), and temporal regions are involved in the cross-modal integration of audiovisual stimuli Phosphoprotein phosphatase (Barraclough et al., 2005, Bushara et al., 2003, Dahl et al., 2009, Maier et al., 2008, Noesselt et al., 2007 and Schneider et al., 2008). Consistent with this evidence, fluctuations of synchrony within the gamma network did not only reflect the subjects’ percept of the ambiguous stimulus but also predicted interindividual differences in the cross-modal integration of auditory and visual information. Enhanced synchronization was specifically associated with the cross-modally more integrated bounce percept. These results accord well with recent accounts of cross-modal processing that emphasize the role of recurrent interactions between processing streams traditionally considered as unimodal as well as between early sensory and higher-order multimodal processing stages (Driver and Noesselt, 2008, Driver and Spence, 2000, Ghazanfar and Schroeder, 2006, Kayser et al., 2008, Lakatos et al., 2007, Lewis and Noppeney, 2010, Meredith et al., 2009 and Stein and Meredith, 1993).