The meshing has been performed by using a hybrid network, with finite elements (FE) predominantly ��brick�� type (Figure 4(b)), resulting considering a number of 172,202 finite elements. The elements distribution was considered uniform throughout the model, with the same increasing factor [11]. The above mentioned number of finite elements has been obtained after performing three consecutive trials with an increased number of FE (73,181; 112,300; 172,202), so that the meshing error was eliminated and the running time acceptable [12].Two loading cases have been considered:Case 1: symmetric loading of 3,000 N on both arms of the sensor module (Figure 4(a));Case 2: asymmetric loading, i.e., only one arm of the sensor is loaded with a force of 3,000 N and the displacement of the other arm on OY direction is restrained.
This could be the case when the edge of the tire acts on the arms of two different neighbouring sensors.4.2. Symmetric LoadingThe distribution of ��von Mises stresses�� is presented below:stresses in the assembled sensor module (Figure 5(a));Figure 5.State of von Mises stresses for symmetric loading (��max = 687.92 MPa): (a) Assembled sensor module; (b) Central elastic plate.stresses in the central elastic plate (Figure 5(b)).Note that the strain gages have been located i
Gas metal arc welding��GMAW in short circuit transfer mode (GMAW-S), is a manufacturing process widely used in the metallic construction industry. Diverse advantages such as the high rate of metal transference, elevated penetration and facility for welding in diverse positions, makes this process the most widely used.
One way of defining welding quality is through standard specifications which list the limits of discontinuities which are acceptable for a particular application. Quality specifications are not the same for all weld applications. A weld acceptable for static loading may not be acceptable for a dynamic loading application. Six items for assuring Anacetrapib the weld quality must be considered: process selection, joint penetration, procedure, pretesting, qualified personnel and in-process monitoring [1]. The present work focuses on in-process monitoring of weld quality.Many efforts have been encouraged by the industry in order to guarantee welding quality. One of them is the on-line monitoring of some welding parameters which reduces the severity and time requirements of the quality control tests.
Classically, the arc tension selleck chem Tipifarnib and welding current are monitored. These parameters are electric arc stability indicators and their behavior also has direct implications in the heat and metal transference which is reflected in the weld bead geometry. High stability in welding does not necessarily mean high quality. Welding quality, in addition to stability, involves other requirements according its application, but certainly the stability is an essential condition.