The results suggest

that group II mGluRs regulate both fast glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic transmission in the ICC, probably through a presynaptic mechanism due to reduction of transmitter release. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Few genes are known to be involved in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) development and progression. The cell-specific transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4 alpha) is down-regulated in RCC and we have shown that HNF4 alpha inhibits cell proliferation in the embryonic kidney cell line HEK293. To clarify the possible tumor suppressor activity of HNF4 alpha we analyzed the whole human expression profile in HEK293 cells upon HNF4 alpha induction. By comparing Wnt tumor induced and unincluced cells, we identified 1411 differentially expressed genes. Using RNA interference, we screened 56 HNF4 alpha-regulated genes for their possible role in mediating inhibition of cell proliferation triggered by HNF4 alpha. We demonstrate that 14 of these regulated genes are able to contribute to the inhibitory effect of HNF4 alpha on cell proliferation, including well-known cancer genes, such as CDKN1A(p21), TGFA, MME (NEP) and ADAMTS1. In addition, the genes SEPP1, THEM2, BPHL, DSC2,

ANK3, ALDH6A1, EPHX2, NELL2, EFHD1 and PROS1 are also part Ulixertinib datasheet of the network of HNF4 ZD1839 alpha target genes that regulate proliferation in HEK293 cells. Therefore, we postulate that HNF4 alpha orchestrates, at least, these 14 genes to regulate cell proliferation in HEK293 cells and that down-regulation of HNF4 alpha could contribute to the progression of kidney cancer.”
“PURPOSE. Here, we examined the development, composition, and structural organization of the ciliary zonule of the mouse. Fibrillin 1, a large glycoprotein enriched in force-bearing tissues, is a prominent

constituent of the mouse zonule. In humans, mutations in the gene for fibrillin 1 (FBN1) underlie Marfan syndrome (MS), a disorder characterized by lens dislocation and other ocular symptoms.\n\nMETHODS. Fibrillin expression was analyzed by in situ hybridization. The organization of the zonule was visualized using antibodies to Fbn1, Fbn2, and microfibril-associated glycoprotein-1 (Magp1) in conjunction with 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU), an S-phase marker.\n\nRESULTS. Microfibrils, enriched in Fbn2 and Magp1, were prominent components of the temporary vascular tunic of the embryonic lens. Fbn2 expression by nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells diminished postnatally and there was a concomitant increase in Fbn1 expression, especially in cells located in valleys between the ciliary folds. Zonular fibers projected from the posterior pars plicata to the lens in anterior, equatorial, and posterior groupings.