While in general mono- and combinational chelation therapies were effective in reversing arsenic induced alteration, combinational therapy of DMSA and MiADMSA was most effective. Our results provide evidence for the role of L-type calcium channels in regulating arsenic-induced calcium influx and DMSA + MiADMSA combinational therapy may be a better protocol than monotherapy in mitigating chronic arsenicosis. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Over the last decade, translational science has come into the focus of
academic medicine, and significant intellectual and financial efforts have been made to initiate a multitude of bench-to-bedside projects. The quest for suitable biomarkers that will significantly change clinical practice
has become one of the biggest challenges in translational medicine. Quantitative measurement of proteins is a critical step in biomarker discovery. XMU-MP-1 clinical trial Assessing a large number of potential protein biomarkers in Linsitinib clinical trial a statistically significant number of samples and controls still constitutes a major technical hurdle. Multiplexed analysis offers significant advantages regarding time, reagent cost, sample requirements and the amount of data that can be generated. The two contemporary approaches in multiplexed and quantitative biomarker validation, antibody-based immunoassays and MS-based multiple (or selected) reaction monitoring, are based on different assay principles and instrument requirements. Both approaches have their own advantages and disadvantages and therefore have complementary selleck kinase inhibitor roles in the multi-staged biomarker verification and validation process. In this review, we discuss quantitative immunoassay and multiple reaction monitoring/selected reaction monitoring assay principles and development. We also discuss choosing an appropriate platform, judging the performance of assays, obtaining reliable, quantitative results for translational research and clinical applications in the biomarker field.”
“Snake venom group IA secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)-IA) is known as a neurotoxin. Snake venom sPLA(2)s are neurotoxic in vivo and in vitro, causing synergistic neurotoxicity
to cortical cultures when applied with toxic concentrations of glutamate. However, it has not yet been cleared sufficiently how sPLA(2)-IA exerts neurotoxicity. Here, we found sPLA(2)-IA induced neuronal cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. This death was a delayed response requiring a latent time for 6 h. sPLA(2)-IA-induced neuronal cell death was accompanied with apoptotic blebbing, condensed chromatin, and fragmented DNA, exhibiting apoptotic features. NMDA receptor blockers suppressed the neurotoxicity of sPLA(2)-IA, but an AMPA receptor blocker did not. Interestingly, L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel (L-VDCC) blocker significantly protected neurons from the sPLA(2)-IA-induced apoptosis. On the other hand, neither N-VDCC blockers nor P/Q-VDCC blocker did.