A response surface methodology was employed to evaluate the effects of 4 independent variables (temperature, pH, solvent to sample ratio, and time) on the TPC. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: liquid to solid ratio 20, pH 6.3, extraction temperature 35A degrees C, and extraction time 35 min. Under the above-mentioned conditions, the experimental TPC was 11.7 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry matter. EC50 of the UAE extract at optimal conditions was found at 30.6 +/- 0.6 mg/L level and total flavonoids

(TF) were obtained at 12.6 +/- 0.2 mg/10 check details g sample. Also, the results of HPLC analysis showed that gallic acid and p-coumaric acid were the predominant phenolic compounds in the plant.”
“The results of the experimental study GSK1904529A clinical trial and computer simulation of the resonance spectra of a single crystal of the iron-manganese sulfide FexMn1-xS (0 <= x <= 0.29) are presented. The resonance properties of the concentrated solid solutions are explained by the formation of a homogeneous FexMn1-xS matrix with randomly distributed superparamagnetic iron nanoparticles. The mean diameter (< D > = 6.19 nm at T=250 K) and the axial first-order anisotropy constant (K-1 = 4.08 erg/cm(3) at T=250 K) of the ferromagnetic particles are determined. The volume fraction of the iron phase is estimated. (C) 2009 American

Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3234402]“
“The drying characteristics of red pepper were examined in convection dryer at a temperature range of 55-70A degrees C with a constant air velocity of 2 m/s. The red peppers were pre-treated with ethyl oleate and citric acid solutions before drying process. Drying process continued until sample moisture fell down to 0.12 kg water/kg d.m. It was observed that drying, rehydration, and color characteristics were significantly influenced by air temperature and pretreatments.

Moisture transfer from red peppers was described by applying the Fick’s diffusion model, and the effective moisture diffusivity was calculated. The effective moisture diffusivity ranged from 5.72×10(-10) to 1.75×10(-9) m(2)/s for the studied temperature range. The values of activation energy (E (a)) were 50.27, 49.21, and 48.45 kJ/mol for control, pre-treated with citric acid, and ethyl oleate, respectively. EPZ5676 Drying data was fitted to 4 drying models, and the best models were logarithmic and Page.”
“Ferredoxins are proteins that participate in photosynthesis and in other processes that require reducing equivalents, such as the reduction of nitrogen or fatty acid desaturation. Two classes of ferredoxins have been described in plants: light-regulated photosynthetic ferredoxins and heterotrophic ferredoxins whose activity is not influenced by light. Genes encoding the two forms of ferredoxin have been cloned and characterized in developing sunflower cotyledons.