(C) 2013 Phytochemical Society of Europe. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“BACKGROUND: In Mediterranean countries, olive tree pruning provides a widely available renewable agricultural residue with, currently, no industrial application. This residue
could provide feedstock for the bioethanol industry. In the present study, olive tree buy AP24534 pruning biomass pretreated with both ‘liquid hot water’ and ‘dilute-sulfuric acid’ was tested as a substrate for ethanol production. Three different process configurations, separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF), simultaneous saccharification, fermentation and prehydrolysis (PSSF), and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), were compared at different water-insoluble solids concentrations.
RESULTS: High ethanol concentration of about 3.7%(v/v) was obtained by separate hydrolysis and fermentation or prehydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of liquid
hot water pretreated at 23% (w/w) substrate loading.
CONCLUSION: The nature of the pretreated residue allows high substrate concentration (>= 17% w/w) to be used in the enzymatic hydrolysis step. Substrate loading of 17% DM has been shown to provide a compromise between hydrolysis efficiency and glucose concentrations for the same enzyme/substrate ratio. Prehydrolysis prior to simultaneous saccharification and fermentation facilitated SSF performance at high substrate LCL161 loading on liquid hot water pretreated olive pruning residue. This effect was not observed with dilute-acid buy MK-8931 pretreated substrate. (C) 2011 Society of Chemical Industry”
“Two new isopimarane-type diterpenes, spiropolin A (1) and myrocin E (3), were isolated from Xylaria polymorpha together with the known compound, myrocin D (2), in the course of a screening of the fruiting bodies of X. polymorpha. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, chemical conversion and X-ray analysis. Spiropolin
A (1) restored the growth inhibition caused by the hyperactivated Ca2+-signaling in mutant yeast. (C) 2013 Phytochemical Society of Europe. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is a major environmental problem in the Mediterranean basin. Although many methods for OMW treatment have been developed, only a few have been adopted in pilot-or full-scale applications. A full-scale system for aerobic biological treatment of OMW was developed. The system consists of a trickling filter and a recirculation tank. Continuous recirculation of the wastewater was used to provide oxygen concentrations from 0.7 to 1.2 mg L-1. Low ambient temperatures did not affect system performance since the raw wastewater was warm enough. Nutrient addition was not necessary as raw wastewater contained sufficient nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations. Indigenous olive pulp bacteria proved to be resistant to full-scale conditions.