The reaction mixture (20 μL) contained 1× dd-PCR master mix (Bio-Rad), 0.9 μM each primer, 1 μM probe and 1 μL template DNA. PCR amplification was carried out on a 2700 GeneAmp® PCR system (Applied Biosystems, Foster, USA). PCR was initiated at 95 °C for 10 min, followed by 40 cycles at 95 °C for 15 s and 60 °C for 90 s, and 1 cycle at 98 °C for 10 min. Data were obtained and analyzed using the QX100™ droplet reader (Bio-Rad) and QuantaSoft software

(Bio-Rad). The QuantaSoft program generates absolute this website quantities per microliter-reaction mixture (a total of 20 μL-reaction volume) from given numbers of positive droplets and negative droplets. The obtained values were multiplied by 20 to calculate quantities in microliter-DNA extracts. qPCR was performed

using an Applied Biosystems 7300 system as previously described [9]. dd-PCR was used in order to determine the concentrations of the external DNA calibrators with multiple probe sites [9] for qPCR because it accurately provides absolute quantification of target DNA [3], [4] and [6]. The 25-μL reaction mixture contained 1× PCR buffer, 0.2 μL Ace-Taq (Genenmed, Seoul, Korea), 0.3 mM dNTPs mix, 0.25 μM each primer, 0.15 μM probe, 1× ROX (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, USA), 1× SYBR green I (Invitrogen) and 1 μL template DNA. PCR was initiated at 95 °C for 3 min, followed by 40 cycles at 95 °C for 15 s and 55 °C for 90 s. Two artificial DNA templates with multiple probe sites were developed as reference Acesulfame Potassium DNA templates for qPCR of the 10 groups [9]. The two artificial sequences (509 bp long) contain learn more the target DNA region (amplified by the primer pair), with additional

flanking 20-bp DNA regions at the both ends. Plasmids with the artificial DNA templates were used to construct standard curves. They were serially diluted 10-fold. The two technologies did not detect DNA at <10−8 dilution (equivalent to 8 copies μL−1 as measured by dd-PCR). The 10 standard curves constructed by qPCR over the 10-fold serial dilution series (10−5–10−8) showed a slope value of 3.39 ± 0.14 (R2 = 0.99 ± 0.01), corresponding to a PCR efficiency of 97%. In order to compare the quantitative limits of detection, linearity and PCR efficiencies, the standard curves of several probes including msar, mcp, and msa were constructed using dd-PCR. The dd-PCR showed a slope value of 1.00 ± 0.03 (R2 = 0.99 ± 0.01), equivalent to 100% efficiency, over at least 4 orders of magnitude. Both technologies exhibited very similar levels of efficiency and linearity, with the same lower limits of detection. Quantification results were expressed as copy number microliter-DNA extract−1 for direct comparison. Each group was quantified from the three digesters using both technologies (Fig 1). mrtA, mcr-2b and Fen were not detected by either technology. dd-PCR detected seven groups from the digesters, while qPCR detected five groups.

Resultados epidemiológicos semelhantes relativos à incidência anual da DACD em doentes hospitalizados foram apresentados em Espanha, com um aumento da incidência anual de 3,9 para 12,2 casos por 10 000 internamentos, entre 1999 e 2007 8. Neste último estudo, o aumento da incidência anual da DACD correlacionou-se com o aumento da proporção de doentes internados a quem foram prescritos antibióticos LDK378 order 8. No presente

número do GE, no artigo intitulado «Diarreia associada ao Clostridium difficile – casuística de 9 anos», Dinis Silva J et al. apresentam uma análise retrospetiva de 37 casos de DACD num hospital distrital, diagnosticados entre 2000 e 2008. Este estudo obriga a refletir sobre as potenciais causas subjacentes ao aumento da incidência desta infeção documentada nos últimos anos. Salienta-se a grande variabilidade da incidência anual da DACD no período estudado: 2/10 000 internamentos em 2000 versus 16/10 000 internamentos em 2008. Este aumento exponencial da incidência no último

ano incluído no estudo é equiparável ao aumento da incidência apresentado por Vieira AM et al. num hospital central português 7. Na análise dos fatores find protocol de risco conhecidos de DACD entre diferentes períodos do estudo, os autores salientam 2 dados interessantes: 1 – os antibióticos carbapenemes estiveram mais vezes implicados nos casos de DACD no ano 2008 comparativamente a 2000-2007 (6/16 versus 1/21, respetivamente, p = 0,01); e 2 – a utilização de inibidores da bomba de protões foi proporcionalmente superior nos casos de DACD no ano 2008, comparativamente

a 2000-2007 (11/16 versus 6/21, respetivamente, p = 0,02). Estes dados levam a refletir sobre a potencial influência dos padrões de prescrição de antibióticos e de inibidores da bomba de protões no aumento da incidência da DACD. Ao mesmo tempo que assistimos a uma crescente e preocupante utilização de carbapenemes na rotina hospitalar, em particular nas instituições com elevadas taxas de resistência entre as bactérias Gram negativas 9, surgem relatos de que os carbapenemes poderão associar-se Rho a um maior risco de DACD comparativamente aos antibióticos que mais se têm associado à infeção por C. difficile nos estudos prévios (penicilinas, cefalosporinas, clindamicina e fluoroquinolonas) 10 and 11. Num estudo retrospetivo recente de grande dimensão, que procurou identificar fatores de risco de DACD após terapêutica antibiótica de infeções pós-operatórias, apenas a utilização de carbapenemes teve influência na incidência de DACD, correspondendo a um aumento do risco de 1,7-vezes comparativamente ao uso de outros antibióticos 10.

The sequences included BIRB 796 clinical trial typical images of healthy GI tract (esophagus, n=2; colon, n=2) and various pathological conditions (in the esophagus, Barrett’s esophagus (BE) intestinal metaplasia (n=2), BE gastric metaplasia (n=2), BE dysplasia and/or cancer (n=3) and in the colon, hyperplastic polyp (n=2), adenomatous

polyp (n=2), adenocarcinoma (n=2), and ulcerative colitis (n=2)). During the first phase of experiments, the participants (81 trainees and 37 GI specialists) reviewed 10 sequences without any previous training. For each sequence, the participants were asked to choose a presumptive diagnosis between multiple choices, given here above. Then, they underwent a short training session selleck screening library where elemental lesions were described, using an independant set of typical

examples. Finally, the same review evaluation was repeated using the first set of videos re-arranged randomly. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed for each main diagnosis, The results were analyzed considering the percentage of correct answers before and after the training session, for each group of participants. Results are indicated in table 1. Before and after training, the diagnostic accuracy increased from 56% to 89% for BE lesions and from 24% to 68% for colorectal lesions (Table 1). Regarding esophageal lesions, the most significant improvement post teaching was observed for the interpretation of normal Megestrol Acetate squamous epithelium (37% to 95%). Regarding colorectal lesions, the most significant improvement post teaching was observed for the interpretation of hyperplastic polyps (7% to 81%) and ulcerative colitis (12% to 73%). 1) The learning curve for pCLE image interpretation is fast, and interpretation can be learned easily after a short and structured training. 2) The learning curve is independant of endoscopic experience. Diagnostic accuracy (%) for image interpretation “
“Endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy (ERAT) has been shown a feasible and effective treatment modality for acute uncomplicated appendicitis. The aim of this multicenter study is to review the experience and determine

the safety and efficacy of the endoscopic approach for the diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis. From December 2009 to November 2012, 34 patients with acute periumbilical pain migrating to the right iliac fossa with a high index of suspicion of acute appendicitis underwent assessment for ERAT. Colonoscopic positive findings (including bulging, edema and pus draining) were considered as definite appendicitis, performing further endoscopic treatment. Endoscopic appendiceal intubations were successful in 33/34 (97.1%) patients during the procedures. Negative appendicitis finding rate was 4/33 (12.1%). Immediated appendiceal decompression were performed in all 29 patients, simple endoscopic cleaning of appendiceal lumen in 19/29 (65.5%), stent drainage in 10/29 (34.

Treatment of S2 requires that the drug crosses the blood–brain barrier (BBB); the highly specialised microvasculature that separates the cerebral tissue from the blood circulation ( Abbott et al., 2006). S1 acting drugs are pentamidine and suramin which are effective against T. b. gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense, respectively ( Brun et al., click here 2010, Sanderson et al., 2007 and Sands et al., 1985). S2 drugs are melarsoprol, eflornithine and nifurtimox. Several

recent reviews discuss the S2 acting drugs in further detail ( Brun et al., 2010 and Lutje et al., 2010). Our research group has investigated the ability of suramin, pentamidine, eflornithine and nifurtimox to cross the BBB using an in situ brain/choroid plexus perfusion technique in anaesthetised

mice ( Jeganathan et al., 2011, Sanderson et al., 2007, Sanderson et al., 2008 and Sanderson et al., 2009). Our latest study focused on nifurtimox, an anti-parasitic nitrofuran that was originally used to treat Chagas disease; a closely related condition to HAT caused by Trypanosoma cruzi ( Gonnert and Bock, 1972 and Haberkorn and Gonnert, 1972), but has since been used in compassionate treatment for HAT when other methods have failed ( Moens et al., 1984 and Van Nieuwenhove, 1992). Nifurtimox is now used against S2 in combination with eflornithine ( Checchi et al., 2007). Nifurtimox is cheap, orally active and effective against T. b. gambiense and, to a lesser extent, T. b. rhodesiense ( Bouteille et al., 2003, Haberkorn, 1979 and Lutje et al.,

2010). Importantly, our group have shown that nifurtimox 5 FU is able to cross the murine BBB in situ, but undergoes an efflux removal process from the brain via an unidentified process, in which the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette (ABC) transporter P-glycoprotein, (P-gp) is not involved ( Jeganathan et al., 2011). The identify of this efflux mechanism is of special interest with the fact that nifurtimox–eflornithine combination therapy (NECT) is now becoming the first course of treatment against S2 HAT ( Yun et al., 2010), having been shown to both improve efficacy and reduce harmful side Cyclin-dependent kinase 3 effects ( Priotto et al., 2007 and Priotto et al., 2009). The precise mechanisms behind the success of this particular combination therapy (CT) have yet to be fully revealed, however, it is possible CT could improve delivery to the brain. Our group have shown that nifurtimox delivery to the mouse brain is improved with the addition of the S1 acting drug pentamidine ( Jeganathan et al., 2011), which we have previously identified as being a substrate for cellular transport mechanisms at the BBB, including P-gp ( Sanderson et al., 2009). These findings highlight not only the need to elucidate the transport mechanisms utilized by nifurtimox at the BBB, but also the effect of CT on its delivery.

The proposed experiment involves adiabatic fast passage radio-frequency (RF) pulses with a parabolic phase modulation leading to a linear frequency sweep through a considerably large spectral window. In addition to its well-established applications for broadband spin inversion and/or decoupling, the original AFP concept has been used to measure heteronuclear spin lock relaxation PD0325901 rates [39].

In contrast to conventional AFP schemes the RF field intensity is comparable to the frequency sweep range and, thus, leads to increased transverse relaxation contributions to the effective spin lock relaxation rate [39]. If the AFP pulse is applied during a NOESY mixing period a time-dependent weighted combination of NOE and ROE effects is effective. Since NOE and ROE enhancements are of different sign and strength for large molecules, σeff will change sign dependent on the applied radiofrequency field. At weak ω1 longitudinal cross-relaxation (NOE) dominates the effective spin-lock cross-relaxation rate, while at strong ω1 transverse cross-relaxation (ROE) prevails and, thus, leads to the characteristic zero crossing of the spin-lock cross-relaxation rate for large molecules, where NOE and ROE cross-relaxation rates cancel. For a rigid macromolecule zero crossing occurs at an effective tilt angle of θeff = 35.26°.

Enhanced internal mobility leads to zero crossing at smaller tilt-angles, while spin diffusion effects (for example, in cases where ligands are embedded in hydrophobic BTK inhibitor ic50 pockets) lead to zero passages at larger tilt angles. The new experiment Florfenicol for structural probing of IDPs is basically a 3D NOESY-1H–15N-HSQC experiment with the exception that the AFP pulse replaces the NOESY mixing time and that the initial element recording 1H chemical shift evolution is replaced by a 13C-filter element to restrict

NOE/ROE measurements to the dipole-interaction between aliphatic, 13C-attached protons and amide protons. In contrast to a conventional INEPT element, the delay τA is chosen so that 2τA = 1/JCH and, thus, leads to a selective inversion of protons bound to 13C-labeled carbons. Experiments are performed twice, with and without JCH scalar coupling evolution (1H inversion). Signals stemming from 13C-bound protons are selected by proper combination of sub-spectra. All other contributions, amide proton to amide proton as well as solvent to amide protons are thus largely suppressed. The results are given in Fig. 6 and demonstrate that the AFP-NOESY experiment is able to probe differential structural compaction of individual backbone positions via 1H–1H cross-relaxation dynamics. Increasing the AFP spin lock strength ( Fig. 6, left to right) clearly changes the cross-relaxation behavior and leads to a shift from NOESY-type to ROESY-type performance. For a protein devoid of internal mobility a passage through zero occurs at the tilt angle of θ = 35.

Further quantitative analyses of the settled material are necessary www.selleckchem.com/products/U0126.html to accurately estimate the origin and fate of the suspended particulate organic carbon (POC)

in this shallow and non-stratified coastal system. In addition, biomass estimation of phytoplankton and phytobenthos, together with grazing experiments, should be performed in future studies to elucidate the transfer of organic carbon trough the pelagic and benthic food webs. “
“Estimates of zooplankton production rates and mortality are a useful tool to obtain knowledge of marine productivity and quantifying transfers between food web components. Mortality is also an important process influencing behaviour, together with food availability and

transport processes accounting for distribution and migration patterns (Aksnes and Ohman, 1996 and Ohman and Wood, 1996). For example, mortality risk is one of the major explanatory variables used in habitat and behaviour modelling (Aksnes PS-341 ic50 and Giske, 1993); therefore, there is an increasing need for empirical estimates for future application in modelling of Baltic Sea zooplankton. The Baltic Sea is one of the largest brackish water bodies in the world; its water type and its location in the boreal climate zone determine the nature of the communities of organisms living in this sea. Consequently, zooplankton consists of brackish, marine euryhaline and freshwater species (Hernroth and Ackefors, 1979, Szulz

et al., 2012 and Wiktor, 1990). According to Wiktor (1990), Gulf of Gdańsk zooplankton typically consisted of euryhaline and eurythermic taxa, where for copepods these are mainly Temora longicornis, Acartia spp., and Pseudocalanus sp. Recent studies indicate that a Pseudocalanus species from the central Baltic, hitherto named Pseudocalanus elongatus, might actually be Pseudocalanus acuspes ( Bucklin et al., 2003 and Holmborn et al., 2011). Although P. elongatus may also be present in the southern Baltic, the designation Pseudocalanus sp. (after Möllmann et al., 2005) BCKDHA seems to be more appropriate. Data covering the seasonal and spatial variability of the investigated species have been already presented in the earlier work by Dzierzbicka-Głowacka et al. (2013). The main objective of the study is description of production and mortality rate of three major calanoid copepod species (Acartia spp., T. longicornis and Pseudocalanus sp.) in the southern Baltic Sea. The obtained data will be used in future numerical evaluations and for upgrading the copepod population model developed for the southern Baltic ( Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, 2005, Dzierzbicka-Głowacka et al., 2006, Dzierzbicka-Głowacka et al., 2010, Dzierzbicka-Głowacka et al., 2011 and Dzierzbicka-Głowacka et al., 2013). The data are based on the analysis of samples collected monthly during a 2-year period (2006 and 2007).

Non-Hispanic black males and females had higher percentages reporting less than a high school education than did non-Hispanic whites and males and females of other races/ethnicities. Significantly more non-Hispanic black males and females, Hispanic males and females, and males of other races/ethnicities lived in households making less than $25 000 and at less than 131% of the poverty threshold compared with their non-Hispanic Metformin white counterparts. Mean intakes of DF were far below recommendations for all Americans with all children and adolescents aged 2 to 19 years and adults aged 20+

years consuming 13.7 and 17.1 g DF/d, respectively (Table 2). Males consumed significantly more DF on the day of the survey, on average, than did

females. Nevertheless, adult males aged 20+ years consumed less than 19 g DF/d, which is about half of the AI (30-38 g DF/d) recommended by the IOM. Adult females consumed less than 16 g DF/d, on average; AI for adult females is 21 to 25 g DF/d [1]. In general, non-Hispanic blacks had the lowest mean intake of DF. However, mean DF intake was below AI across all races/ethnicities. Hispanic children and adults consumed significantly more DF than did non-Hispanic blacks; however, there was no difference in average DF intake between non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic black children and adolescents Selleck PI3K inhibitor on the day of the survey. While Hispanic males aged 2 to 19 years consumed more DF than non-Hispanic black males, there was no difference in mean intake of DF among female children and adolescents across race/ethnicity. Race/ethnicity played a role in average DF intake among adults as well (Table 2). Overall, non-Hispanic white PTK6 adults consumed significantly more DF than did non-Hispanic black adults. Non-Hispanic black males had significantly lower DF intake on the day of the survey compared with non-Hispanic white,

Hispanic, and males of other races/ethnicities. Females of other races/ethnicities, on average, consumed the most DF among all females. Moreover, Hispanic and non-Hispanic white females consumed significantly more DF than did non-Hispanic black females. Annual family income does not appear to influence DF intake among children and adolescents (Table 3); however, this study supported the hypothesis that lower family income negatively affects DF intake among adults (Fig. 2). On average, adults with annual family income more than $75 000 consumed about 18 g DF/d—significantly more than adults in lower-income categories. Among adult males, those with the lowest annual income (<$25 000) had significantly lower DF intake than did males with higher incomes (Table 3). Females with the highest income ($75 000+) consumed significantly more DF, on average, than did females in the 2 lower-income categories.

Although not currently required, spill response capacity could also include local, trained personnel and equipment adequate to protect sensitive shorelines and provide advice about important marine ecosystems and wildlife. An important accident prevention measure is the use of rescue-tugs to assist ships with mechanical problems, offer assistance to disabled ships and barges under Inhibitor Library tow when necessary, and prevent these ships from grounding and causing serious environmental damage. Though there is little precedent for mandating tug capabilities in the Arctic, since 1999 the Washington State maritime industry

has permanently stationed an emergency response towing vessel at Neah Bay, Washington, TSA HDAC near the mouth of the Strait of Juan

de Fuca [68]. In 2009, the Washington State legislature passed an act that requires tank, cargo, and passenger vessels traveling to or from a Washington port through the Strait of Juan de Fuca to establish and fund an emergency response system that would provide an emergency response towing vessel, also to be stationed at Neah Bay (CWR §88.46.130). The loss of control and subsequent grounding of the Kulluk drill rig off Kodiak, Alaska, in 2012 is an example of the need for expanded rescue and tug capabilities in Arctic waters, which are much farther removed than Kodiak from available response capacity. Providing information and other support to mariners can also enhance safety and reduce risk. Weather and ice forecasting fall into this category, as does the Coast Pilot, a mariner׳s resource describing Methane monooxygenase potential hazards and providing contact information published in the U.S. by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Modern nautical charts are also important tools in providing safe and secure maritime transportation throughout Arctic waters. Nautical charts supply mariners with the latest

information on accurate shorelines, topographic features, water depths, hazards, aids to navigation, and recommended routes. They also provide base geospatial data used for fishery stock assessments, coastal zone management, energy exploration, and other uses. Given that most of the region has been historically inaccessible due to the presence of thick, multi-year sea ice, much of the Arctic region has inadequate or outdated charting data. Moreover, existing charts date back to the 1800s, and the majority of Alaska׳s vast northern and western coastline has not been charted since the 1960s. As the U.S. Coast Pilot states, the Bering Sea is only “partially surveyed, and the charts must not be relied on too closely…” [69]. In 2013, NOAA identified the need for 14 new charts in the Arctic and is in the process of updating these charts. Charts have been released in the Bering Strait region that include the Bering Strait North (Chart 16190) and from St. Lawrence Island to the Bering Strait (Chart 16220) [70].

For LDR or PDR brachytherapy,

higher rates are associated with a higher prescribed dose of 65 Gy (27), whereas ulceration rates with 60 Gy are in the order of 12% (19). The risk is higher with tumors greater than 4 cm in diameter and with a larger number of needles. De Crevoisier et al. (27) have shown that two factors predictive of complications were dose rate higher than 0.6 Gy/h and treatment volume greater than 22 cm3. When using PDR, the dose rate EPZ015666 in vitro can be adapted by increasing the pulse frequency and decreasing the pulse dose to keep the hourly dose rate at 0.6 Gy/h or lower. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy can bring about speedy resolution of ulceration when more conservative measures fail, although a prolonged series of “dives” over 6–8 weeks is required (31). Meatal stenosis is reported in 9–45% (1), but is related to proximity of distal sources to the meatus. Crook et al. (19) reported Sirolimus datasheet a rate of 9%, but routinely supplied patients with a commercially available meatal dilator to be used as required to deal with any impairment of urinary stream. This may be beneficial in preventing problematic scarring of the meatus. Brachytherapy provides excellent local control of T1–T2 penile squamous cell carcinoma (and selected T3 lesions), ideally smaller than 4 cm with no or minimal extension

onto the penile shaft. Circumcision preceding brachytherapy is essential. Penile conservation rates of 87% and 70% at 5 and 10 years, respectively, can be achieved with brachytherapy. Lymph node observation is appropriate for small (T1) well-differentiated tumors. Radiographic assessment and directed biopsies are warranted in moderate or poorly differentiated

Liothyronine Sodium or larger tumors. Although surgical management of positive or suspicious lymph nodes is preferred, EBRT is an option if the patient is not a surgical candidate. Because local recurrence can happen even after 5 years, extended followup is mandatory because both local and regional failures can be salvaged surgically. Meatal stenosis and soft tissue ulceration are the most common significant late effects, but can be effectively managed conservatively while retaining penis conservation. LDR and PDR 192Ir brachytherapy fractionation is well established with mature data in the literature. HDR 192Ir brachytherapy for penile cancer is under development. “
“Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) represents an adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) technique that allows the delivery of a biologically equivalent dose to the lumpectomy cavity compared with whole breast irradiation (WBI) delivering 50 Gy while shortening the overall RT course to 1 week or less. At this time, APBI can be delivered using multiple techniques including interstitial catheters, balloon or strut-based single-entry devices, intraoperative applicators, or external beam RT. With several series reporting more than 5 years of follow-up, APBI has been shown to be associated with clinical outcomes comparable with traditional WBI (1).

54, p = .003). Scores on the TASIT were found to be significantly selectively correlated Tofacitinib datasheet with performance on the mentalising task, (rho = .55, p = .002) though not the non-mentalising task (rho = .34, p = .067). In addition, scores on the selected CBI item (‘Appears indifferent to the worries and concerns of family members’) were significantly negatively correlated with performance on the mentalising task (rho = −.6, p = .03), but not the non-mentalising task (rho = −.1, p = .67). There were no correlations of performance on either experimental task with executive function, single-word comprehension, clinical disease duration, years of education, or premorbid

intelligence estimates. Only two control subjects reported prior familiarity with over half the musical examples used; most participants reported no prior familiarity Palbociclib supplier with the musical examples. Accordingly we did not perform a formal regression analysis of

performance on prior musical familiarity. However, a separate analysis excluding the two control subjects who reported higher prior familiarity with the musical examples yielded identical results with respect to the experimental tasks. ROC curves based on each of the experimental tasks discriminated between bvFTD patients and healthy controls (Fig. 2). No significant AUC difference was found between the mentalising and non-mentalising tasks, however mentalising task performance showed a trend towards greater sensitivity and specificity (AUC coefficient .88 [95% confidence interval (CI): .73,

.95]) compared with the non-mentalising task (AUC coefficient .73 [95% CI: .57, .90]). Further binomial breakdown of the AUCs revealed that a cut-point raw score of 15 on the mentalising task correctly classified 85% of participants as being either a patient or a control, whereas this was reduced to 71% for the non-mentalising task using the same cut-point value. Examining individual subject performance profiles (Fig. 3), five patients showed a clear (>four point) discrepancy in favour of superior performance on the non-mentalising task. However, two patients showed the reverse pattern, with superior performance on the mentalising task. No similarly Florfenicol marked discrepancies were seen for individuals in the healthy control group (Fig. 3). SPMs of grey matter volume associated with performance in the mentalising and non-mentalising conditions are shown in Fig. 4; data for local maxima of grey matter change are summarised in Table 2. When assessed separately, performance on the mentalising task was positively associated with grey matter volume in right entorhinal cortex (p < .05 after FWE correction for multiple comparisons within the anatomical small volume of interest). No significant negative inverse associations between performance and grey matter volume were identified.