As shown in Fig. 5A, as expected, expression of shRNA against Bcl-2 results in loss of protein Bcl-2 in both cytoplasm in nucleus, ectopic expression of Twist1 expression vector led to an increased expression of both cytoplasm and nucleus but predominantly in nucleus (Fig. 5A, right panel). However, when cells contain both Twist1 expression vector and

shRNA against Bcl-2, the nuclear expression of Twist1 is completely attenuated. To further demonstrate whether Bcl-2 facilitates the nuclear transport of Twist, we examined these cells in hypoxia conditions and in the presence of Sirolimus overexpression of Bcl-2 rather than knockdown by shRNA. As shown in Fig. 5B, either hypoxia or ectopic expression of Bcl-2 can lead to up-regulation of expression of Twist1 with preferential expression in

the nucleus. These results further support the interaction between Bcl-2 and Twist1; Bcl-2 could be an important cofactor to facilitate the transport of Twist1 to the nucleus (Fig. 5A,B). To examine how interactions between Bcl-2 and Twist1 affect global gene expression, we examined the promoters bound to Twist1 using a ChIP-sequence analysis for HepG2-control, HepG2-Twist1, and HepG2-BT that are transfected with Trichostatin A research buy both Bcl2 and Twist1. The DNA fragments bound to Twist1 picked up by ChIP assay were sequenced. The results showed that the number of gene promoters that bound to Twist1 in the HepG2-BT expressing both Bcl-2 and Twist1 cells reached 100, whereas only 43 promoters were detected in HepG2 transfected with Twist1 expression vector alone (Fig. 6A). These genes are involved in many processes such as cell signal transduction, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and cytoskeleton formation (detailed information is provided in the Supporting Materials, Table s7). To verify whether key signal transduction pathways were activated

by the interaction of Bcl-2/Twist1, reporter gene plasmids with AP1, Stat3, and NF-κB activation check details sequences were used in the HepG2-BT and control cells. The results showed that the AP1 and Stat3 activities in the HepG2-BT group significantly increased. In contrast, the NF-κB transcriptional activity did not significantly change compared with the control and HepG2-Twist1 groups (Fig. 6B). The western blot analysis also showed similar results; a high level of c-Jun, p-c-Jun, as well as Stat3 was observed in the HepG2 cells expressing both Bcl-2 and Twist expression vector (HepG2-BT). We also examined the global changes in mRNA for HepG2-control, HepG2-Bcl-2, HepG2-Twist1, and HepG2-BT using cDNA array. Cluster and comparative analyses showed a distinct pattern of mRNA expression when these cells exogenously expressed transfected Bcl-2, Twist1 or a combination of both (Supporting Fig. s3).

We investigated 105 consecutive adult patients with fulminant hepatitis (FH) or severe hepatitis (SH) admitted to our liver unit between 2000 and 2013, consisting of 14 elderly patients selleck chemical (≥65 years) and 91 younger ones (<65 years). In elderly patients, the proportion of women was greater (P < 0.001), the levels of aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase on admission were lower (P = 0.011 and P = 0.010, respectively), and the survival rate without liver transplantation was lower (P = 0.024) than younger ones. Two of seven SH and all seven FH elderly patients died, whereas all 45 SH and 16 of 46 FH younger

patients recovered. Seventy-one percent of elderly patients had underlying diseases with medications, and 57% had additional complications after the start of treatment for acute liver failure. Patients aged 70 years or more showed even poorer prognoses than younger ones and those aged 65–69 years (P = 0.0052 and P = 0.036,

respectively). Older age was associated with a poor prognosis of patients with SH and FH. One of the reasons other than complications and loss of organ reserve by aging would be that elderly patients consulted us at a more advanced stage of illness than younger ones. “
“Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an important cause of advanced liver disease CYC202 purchase and liver-related deaths in Australia. Our aim was to describe the burden of HCV infection and consider treatment strategies to reduce HCV-related morbidity and mortality. Baseline model parameters were based upon literature review and expert see more consensus with a focus on Australian data. Three treatment scenarios based on anticipated introduction of improved direct-acting antiviral regimens were considered to reduce HCV disease burden. Scenario 1 evaluated the impact of increased treatment efficacy alone (to 80–90% by 2016). Scenario 2 evaluated increased efficacy

and increased treatment uptake (2550 to 13 500 by 2018) without treatment restriction, while Scenario 3 considered the same increases with treatment limited to ≥ F3 during 2015–2017. In 2013, there were an estimated 233 490 people with chronic HCV infection: 13 850 with cirrhosis, 590 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 530 liver-related deaths. If the current HCV treatment setting is unchanged, threefold increases in the number of people with cirrhosis, HCC, and liver disease deaths will be seen by 2030. Scenario 1 resulted in modest impacts on disease burden (4% decrease in HCC, decompensated cirrhosis, and liver deaths) and costs. Scenario 3 had the greatest impact on disease burden (approximately 50% decrease in HCC, decompensated cirrhosis, and liver deaths) and costs, while Scenario 2 had slightly lesser impact. Considerable increases in the burden of HCV-related advanced liver disease and its complications will be seen in Australia under current treatment levels and outcomes.

We investigated 105 consecutive adult patients with fulminant hepatitis (FH) or severe hepatitis (SH) admitted to our liver unit between 2000 and 2013, consisting of 14 elderly patients SCH 900776 (≥65 years) and 91 younger ones (<65 years). In elderly patients, the proportion of women was greater (P < 0.001), the levels of aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase on admission were lower (P = 0.011 and P = 0.010, respectively), and the survival rate without liver transplantation was lower (P = 0.024) than younger ones. Two of seven SH and all seven FH elderly patients died, whereas all 45 SH and 16 of 46 FH younger

patients recovered. Seventy-one percent of elderly patients had underlying diseases with medications, and 57% had additional complications after the start of treatment for acute liver failure. Patients aged 70 years or more showed even poorer prognoses than younger ones and those aged 65–69 years (P = 0.0052 and P = 0.036,

respectively). Older age was associated with a poor prognosis of patients with SH and FH. One of the reasons other than complications and loss of organ reserve by aging would be that elderly patients consulted us at a more advanced stage of illness than younger ones. “
“Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an important cause of advanced liver disease Cilomilast chemical structure and liver-related deaths in Australia. Our aim was to describe the burden of HCV infection and consider treatment strategies to reduce HCV-related morbidity and mortality. Baseline model parameters were based upon literature review and expert selleck chemical consensus with a focus on Australian data. Three treatment scenarios based on anticipated introduction of improved direct-acting antiviral regimens were considered to reduce HCV disease burden. Scenario 1 evaluated the impact of increased treatment efficacy alone (to 80–90% by 2016). Scenario 2 evaluated increased efficacy

and increased treatment uptake (2550 to 13 500 by 2018) without treatment restriction, while Scenario 3 considered the same increases with treatment limited to ≥ F3 during 2015–2017. In 2013, there were an estimated 233 490 people with chronic HCV infection: 13 850 with cirrhosis, 590 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 530 liver-related deaths. If the current HCV treatment setting is unchanged, threefold increases in the number of people with cirrhosis, HCC, and liver disease deaths will be seen by 2030. Scenario 1 resulted in modest impacts on disease burden (4% decrease in HCC, decompensated cirrhosis, and liver deaths) and costs. Scenario 3 had the greatest impact on disease burden (approximately 50% decrease in HCC, decompensated cirrhosis, and liver deaths) and costs, while Scenario 2 had slightly lesser impact. Considerable increases in the burden of HCV-related advanced liver disease and its complications will be seen in Australia under current treatment levels and outcomes.

Material: find more ceramic–ceramic (Yttria-stabilized zirconia core, pressable fluorapatite glass-ceramic, IPS e.max

ZirCAD, and ZirPress, Ivoclar Vivadent) B. metal–ceramic (palladium-based noble alloy, Capricorn, Ivoclar Vivadent, with press-on leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic veneer, IPS InLine POM, Ivoclar Vivadent); (2) occlusal veneer thickness (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mm); (3) curvature of gingival embrasure (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 mm diameter); and (4) connector height (3, 4, and 5 mm). FDPs were fabricated and cemented with dual-cure resin cement (RelyX, Universal Cement, 3M ESPE). Patients were recalled at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. FDPs were examined for cracks, fracture, and general surface quality. Recall exams of 72 prostheses revealed 10 chipping fractures. No fractures occurred within the connector or embrasure areas. Two-sided Fisher’s exact tests showed no significant

correlation between fractures and type of material system (p = 0.51), veneer thickness (p = 0.75), radius of curvature of gingival embrasure (p = 0.68), and this website connector height (p = 0.91). Although there were no significant associations between connector height, curvature of gingival embrasure, core/veneer thickness ratio, and material system and the survival probability of implant-supported FDPs with zirconia as a core material, the small number of fractures precludes a definitive conclusion on the dominant controlling factor. “
“The aim of this study was to assess patients’ perceptions of benefits and risks concerning complete denture therapy. A secondary objective was to assess the influence of clinical and sociodemographic variables on patients’ perceptions. The sample was

composed of 104 volunteers who presented themselves for complete denture treatment at a dental school. The average age of the volunteers was 69.2 years (±) 9.3. Patient opinions concerning the benefits of complete denture therapy were recorded using a previously reported questionnaire. The answers were evaluated in three domains: (1) benefits (positive perceptions); (2) risks (negative perceptions); and (3) consequences of no treatment. The average time of use of the previous dentures was 20 years (SD ±12.9). Risk factors (negative perceptions) received lower scores by the patients, while the consequences of no treatment received higher see more scores. No association was found among evaluations of the previous dentures and educational level, marital status, and gender; however, patients’ evaluation about their previous dentures was significantly different depending on age (p = 0.001) and previous dentures’ time of use (p = 0.038). Patients presented a positive perception of complete denture therapy, and the risk factors (negative perceptions) received the lowest scores. Patient perception regarding complete denture therapy was not influenced by educational level, evaluation of the previous dentures, or marital status.

Material: this website ceramic–ceramic (Yttria-stabilized zirconia core, pressable fluorapatite glass-ceramic, IPS e.max

ZirCAD, and ZirPress, Ivoclar Vivadent) B. metal–ceramic (palladium-based noble alloy, Capricorn, Ivoclar Vivadent, with press-on leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic veneer, IPS InLine POM, Ivoclar Vivadent); (2) occlusal veneer thickness (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mm); (3) curvature of gingival embrasure (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 mm diameter); and (4) connector height (3, 4, and 5 mm). FDPs were fabricated and cemented with dual-cure resin cement (RelyX, Universal Cement, 3M ESPE). Patients were recalled at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. FDPs were examined for cracks, fracture, and general surface quality. Recall exams of 72 prostheses revealed 10 chipping fractures. No fractures occurred within the connector or embrasure areas. Two-sided Fisher’s exact tests showed no significant

correlation between fractures and type of material system (p = 0.51), veneer thickness (p = 0.75), radius of curvature of gingival embrasure (p = 0.68), and H 89 connector height (p = 0.91). Although there were no significant associations between connector height, curvature of gingival embrasure, core/veneer thickness ratio, and material system and the survival probability of implant-supported FDPs with zirconia as a core material, the small number of fractures precludes a definitive conclusion on the dominant controlling factor. “
“The aim of this study was to assess patients’ perceptions of benefits and risks concerning complete denture therapy. A secondary objective was to assess the influence of clinical and sociodemographic variables on patients’ perceptions. The sample was

composed of 104 volunteers who presented themselves for complete denture treatment at a dental school. The average age of the volunteers was 69.2 years (±) 9.3. Patient opinions concerning the benefits of complete denture therapy were recorded using a previously reported questionnaire. The answers were evaluated in three domains: (1) benefits (positive perceptions); (2) risks (negative perceptions); and (3) consequences of no treatment. The average time of use of the previous dentures was 20 years (SD ±12.9). Risk factors (negative perceptions) received lower scores by the patients, while the consequences of no treatment received higher selleck kinase inhibitor scores. No association was found among evaluations of the previous dentures and educational level, marital status, and gender; however, patients’ evaluation about their previous dentures was significantly different depending on age (p = 0.001) and previous dentures’ time of use (p = 0.038). Patients presented a positive perception of complete denture therapy, and the risk factors (negative perceptions) received the lowest scores. Patient perception regarding complete denture therapy was not influenced by educational level, evaluation of the previous dentures, or marital status.

Pegylated IFN-α, despite a finite duration of therapy, has a substantial adverse event profile, and patients struggle to stay on treatment for the full 48 weeks. In contrast, NAs require long-term therapy, perhaps lifelong, in order to achieve the benefits outlined above. This

is because Selleckchem Poziotinib the NAs have little effect on the virological goal of eradicating HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) from infected hepatocytes and markers of active viral replication, including HBV DNA, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), leading to a key endpoint for achieving cure through HBsAg antibody (anti-HBs) seroconversion. Recent mathematical modeling has estimated the time to HBsAg loss/anti-HBs seroconversion with the existing NAs at over 30 years.2 Thus, problems of compliance and resistance, even with the most potent NAs, will almost certainly emerge. In the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1/acquired immune deficiency

syndrome (AIDS) treatment armamentarium, there are over 20 drugs from six major classes3 directed against multiple targets in the HIV life cycle,4 including entry, enzyme action, assembly, and release. These drugs are used very effectively in synergistic combinations that form the basis of successful highly active antiretroviral therapy regimens.5 From this level of control of active HIV replication, patients can be expected to have a normal lifespan, and HIV-AIDS researchers are preparing new strategies to eradicate selleck inhibitor HIV from the infected host. This goal has been given the DAPT ic50 highest priority by national funding agencies. In contrast, in the hepatitis B treatment arena, more drugs targeted to other parts of the viral life cycle are desperately needed if HBV control and eradication are to be achieved. Fortunately, the news from the front line in the battle against HBV and its satellite virusoid, hepatitis

delta virus (HDV), is encouraging. aa, amino acid; AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome; anti-HBs, HBsAg antibody; cccDNA, covalently closed circular DNA; CHB, chronic hepatitis B; HBeAg, hepatitis B e antigen; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HDV, hepatitis delta virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IFN-α, interferon-α; NA, nucleos(t)ide analogue; NTCP, sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide. In this issue of HEPATOLOGY, two papers from the University Hospital Heidelberg group led by Stephan Urban report some critical next steps.6, 7 The investigators focused on early events, both in vitro and in vivo, in the HBV life cycle, namely attachment followed by specific binding to a receptor usually expressed on the cell surface. These steps account for the striking host species specificity (humans, higher primates, and Tupaia belangeri) and tissue tropism (liver) of HBV.

Pegylated IFN-α, despite a finite duration of therapy, has a substantial adverse event profile, and patients struggle to stay on treatment for the full 48 weeks. In contrast, NAs require long-term therapy, perhaps lifelong, in order to achieve the benefits outlined above. This

is because Selleckchem Paclitaxel the NAs have little effect on the virological goal of eradicating HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) from infected hepatocytes and markers of active viral replication, including HBV DNA, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), leading to a key endpoint for achieving cure through HBsAg antibody (anti-HBs) seroconversion. Recent mathematical modeling has estimated the time to HBsAg loss/anti-HBs seroconversion with the existing NAs at over 30 years.2 Thus, problems of compliance and resistance, even with the most potent NAs, will almost certainly emerge. In the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1/acquired immune deficiency

syndrome (AIDS) treatment armamentarium, there are over 20 drugs from six major classes3 directed against multiple targets in the HIV life cycle,4 including entry, enzyme action, assembly, and release. These drugs are used very effectively in synergistic combinations that form the basis of successful highly active antiretroviral therapy regimens.5 From this level of control of active HIV replication, patients can be expected to have a normal lifespan, and HIV-AIDS researchers are preparing new strategies to eradicate learn more HIV from the infected host. This goal has been given the IWR-1 solubility dmso highest priority by national funding agencies. In contrast, in the hepatitis B treatment arena, more drugs targeted to other parts of the viral life cycle are desperately needed if HBV control and eradication are to be achieved. Fortunately, the news from the front line in the battle against HBV and its satellite virusoid, hepatitis

delta virus (HDV), is encouraging. aa, amino acid; AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome; anti-HBs, HBsAg antibody; cccDNA, covalently closed circular DNA; CHB, chronic hepatitis B; HBeAg, hepatitis B e antigen; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HDV, hepatitis delta virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IFN-α, interferon-α; NA, nucleos(t)ide analogue; NTCP, sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide. In this issue of HEPATOLOGY, two papers from the University Hospital Heidelberg group led by Stephan Urban report some critical next steps.6, 7 The investigators focused on early events, both in vitro and in vivo, in the HBV life cycle, namely attachment followed by specific binding to a receptor usually expressed on the cell surface. These steps account for the striking host species specificity (humans, higher primates, and Tupaia belangeri) and tissue tropism (liver) of HBV.

Strategies are different when HCC suspected in a patient with an a priori low risk, this is outside the scope of this monograph. The diagnosis of HCC is different from most other cancers, as histology is not required if risk factors (i.e., cirrhosis) are present and imaging is typical. HCC exclusively receives arterial blood supply through the arterial tumour vessels, and accordingly

most HCCs are hypervascular on angiography and as seen in the arterial phase of contrast-enhanced imaging. However, this hypervascularity is not present in dysplastic nodules, and in the majority this website of cases also absent in early well-differentiated HCC. It follows that the diagnosis of HCC in a cirrhotic liver can be reliably made when contrast-enhanced CT or MRI show enhancement of a nodule in the arterial phase and less enhancement in the venous phase (relative to the surrounding liver tissue). When compared with the gold standards of histological examination of an explanted/resected liver, biopsy or follow-up, CT had a sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 93%. In the same meta-analysis, MRI had a sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 85% [28]. Ultrasonography, which is most valuable in surveillance, is not sufficiently specific for diagnosis. A high

level of AFP (e.g. >500 U L−1) may help in establishing the diagnosis; however, the level is often only slightly raised which does not discriminate between tumour and active hepatitis. The role of FDG-PET scanning is limited in initial diagnosis as find more selleck only about half of tumours are positive. However, FDG-PET might be useful in staging the disease [29]. The aim of surveillance programmes as discussed above is to diagnose

HCC in a stage that curative treatment can be offered. If symptoms occur, HCC is most often in an advanced stage. Such patients present with decompensation of previous compensated liver disease, pain, weight loss or an upper abdominal mass or with metastases in intra-abdominal lymph nodes, lung, bone and adrenal glands [30]. The diagnostic approach to a suspected HCC depends on the size of the lesion. Lesions smaller than 1 cm are usually not malignant. Small nodules comprise a broad range of entities, some benign, some with malignant potential, some clearly malignant. Careful study of pathological and clinical features of small nodular lesions in cirrhotic liver has shown the evolution from premalignant lesions (low and high grade dysplastic nodules) to early, well-differentiated HCC to moderately differentiated HCC [31]. AASLD recommends that nodules smaller than 1 cm should be followed-up by ultrasound, at 3–6 months intervals. If they remain stable for 2 years, standard surveillance can be resumed. The AASLD recommendations are more complicated for lesions larger than 1 cm. For these, either contrast enhanced CT or MRI is advised. If the image is typical, HCC is diagnosed.

Strategies are different when HCC suspected in a patient with an a priori low risk, this is outside the scope of this monograph. The diagnosis of HCC is different from most other cancers, as histology is not required if risk factors (i.e., cirrhosis) are present and imaging is typical. HCC exclusively receives arterial blood supply through the arterial tumour vessels, and accordingly

most HCCs are hypervascular on angiography and as seen in the arterial phase of contrast-enhanced imaging. However, this hypervascularity is not present in dysplastic nodules, and in the majority http://www.selleckchem.com/products/cb-839.html of cases also absent in early well-differentiated HCC. It follows that the diagnosis of HCC in a cirrhotic liver can be reliably made when contrast-enhanced CT or MRI show enhancement of a nodule in the arterial phase and less enhancement in the venous phase (relative to the surrounding liver tissue). When compared with the gold standards of histological examination of an explanted/resected liver, biopsy or follow-up, CT had a sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 93%. In the same meta-analysis, MRI had a sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 85% [28]. Ultrasonography, which is most valuable in surveillance, is not sufficiently specific for diagnosis. A high

level of AFP (e.g. >500 U L−1) may help in establishing the diagnosis; however, the level is often only slightly raised which does not discriminate between tumour and active hepatitis. The role of FDG-PET scanning is limited in initial diagnosis as R788 cell line selleck compound only about half of tumours are positive. However, FDG-PET might be useful in staging the disease [29]. The aim of surveillance programmes as discussed above is to diagnose

HCC in a stage that curative treatment can be offered. If symptoms occur, HCC is most often in an advanced stage. Such patients present with decompensation of previous compensated liver disease, pain, weight loss or an upper abdominal mass or with metastases in intra-abdominal lymph nodes, lung, bone and adrenal glands [30]. The diagnostic approach to a suspected HCC depends on the size of the lesion. Lesions smaller than 1 cm are usually not malignant. Small nodules comprise a broad range of entities, some benign, some with malignant potential, some clearly malignant. Careful study of pathological and clinical features of small nodular lesions in cirrhotic liver has shown the evolution from premalignant lesions (low and high grade dysplastic nodules) to early, well-differentiated HCC to moderately differentiated HCC [31]. AASLD recommends that nodules smaller than 1 cm should be followed-up by ultrasound, at 3–6 months intervals. If they remain stable for 2 years, standard surveillance can be resumed. The AASLD recommendations are more complicated for lesions larger than 1 cm. For these, either contrast enhanced CT or MRI is advised. If the image is typical, HCC is diagnosed.

Cytokinin concentrations were

low during the dark period and increased during the light period. In 48 h experiments using synchronized C. minutissima (MACC 361), half the cultures were maintained in continuous dark conditions for the second photoperiod. Cell division occurred during both dark periods, and cells increased in size during the light periods. Cultures kept in continuous dark did not increase in size following cell division. DNA analysis confirmed these results, with cultures grown in light having increased DNA concentrations prior to cell division, while cultures maintained in continuous dark had less DNA. Cytokinins (cZ and iP derivatives) were detected in all samples with concentrations increasing over the find more first 24 h. This increase was followed by a large increase, especially during the second light period where cytokinin concentrations increased 4-fold. Cytokinin concentrations did not increase in cultures maintained in continuous dark conditions. In vivo deuterium-labeling technology was used to measure cytokinin biosynthetic rates during the dark and

light periods in C. minutissima with highest biosynthetic rates measured during the light period. These results show that there is a relationship between light, cell division, and cytokinins. “
“Cysts belonging to the benthic dinoflagellate Bysmatrum RXDX-106 datasheet subsalsum were recovered from palynologically treated sediments collected in the Alvarado Lagoon (southwestern Gulf of Mexico). The cysts are proximate, reflecting the features of the parent thecal stage, and their selleckchem autofluorescence implies a dinosporin composition similar to the cyst walls of phototrophic species. This finding is important for our understanding of B. subsalsum life cycle transitions and ecology. Encystment may play an important role in the bloom dynamics of this species as it can enable the formation of a sediment cyst bank that allows reinoculation of the water column when conditions become favorable. This is the

first report of a fossilized cyst produced by a benthic dinoflagellate recovered from sub-recent sediments. “
“The cell nucleus harbors a large number of proteins involved in transcription, RNA processing, chromatin remodeling, nuclear signaling, and ribosome assembly. The nuclear genome of the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii P. A. Dang. was recently sequenced, and many genes encoding nuclear proteins, including transcription factors and transcription regulators, have been identified through computational discovery tools. However, elucidating the specific biological roles of nuclear proteins will require support from biochemical and proteomics data. Cellular preparations with enriched nuclei are important to assist in such analyses. Here, we describe a simple protocol for the isolation of nuclei from Chlamydomonas, based on a commercially available kit.