The results show that the mechanical properties of the pure and reinforced

rPS did not decrease with respect to the virgin PS, and in terms of the impact strength, the rPS was superior to the virgin plastic. click here The mechanical properties were not affected by the commercial compatibilizing agent, but the torque of the blends was significantly lower with the compatibilizer. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis were used to study the glass-transition temperature (T(g)) of both the pure virgin PS and pure rPS and the wood flour-PS composites. The T(g) values of the rPS and wood-rPS composites were higher than those of the virgin PS and wood-virgin PS composites. The use of rPS increased the stiffness and flexural modulus of the composites. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the thermal stability of rPS and its composites was slightly greater than that of the virgin PS and its composites. These results suggest that postconsumer PS can be used to obtain composite materials with good AR-13324 mouse mechanical and thermal properties. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 119: 443-451, 2011″
“PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship between World Health Organization (WHO) cataract grade determined with a new device and (1) preoperative visual acuity and (2) the difficulty of specific

steps in cataract surgery.

SETTING: Yamaguchi University Hospital, Yamaguchi, Japan.

METHODS: Patients who had cataract surgery between January 2006 and September 2008 were enrolled in this prospective study. Preoperatively, the Konan Anterior Segment In Camera System 1000 cataract analysis device was

used to evaluate the WHO cataract grade in each eye. The main outcome measures were preoperative visual acuity, the time required small molecule library screening for continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) and for irrigation/aspiration (I/A), and the total effective phaco time (EPT).

RESULTS: Sixty-four eyes (53 patients) were evaluated. Preoperative visual acuity decreased significantly as the posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) grade increased (P<.01). Preoperative logMAR values also differed significantly between cataracts classified as mild (score 1 to 3), moderate (score 4 to 6), and severe (score 7 to 9) on the basis of the total nuclear (NUC) + cortical (COR) + PSC score. The CCC and I/A times increased with increasing COR grade, whereas the total EPT increased with increasing NUC grade.

CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of lens opacity based on the WHO grading system using the new cataract analysis device indicated which surgical procedures are likely to be problematic. The device may also be useful in training residents in cataract surgery.”
“Study Design. A cross-sectional study of balance control in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Objective.

The selleckchem cohort consisted of 70 direct or indirect farm employees

presenting with orthopaedic injuries caused in an accident occurring on a farm.

There were significantly (P < 0.01) more male than female farmers (73 vs. 27%) with a mean age of 63 years (ranging from 13 to 87 years). Average number of out-patient visits related to the injury was 3.6. Injuries involving livestock resulted in the majority of accidents (P < 0.05) with a significant rise in the number of visits with increasing age (P < 0.01) with older patients having more severe injuries. Soft tissue injuries and fractures were commonly encountered. Complex fractures were the slowest injury to heal requiring eight subsequent out-patient visits.”
“The foliar anthocyanin profiles of two amphibious plants, Nesaea crassicaulis and Lobelia cardinalis were analysed for the first time. N. crassicaulis produced very simple anthocyanins, achieving the highest concentrations when grown submerged. In contrast, L. cardinalis produced leaves with a high content of very complex, acylated anthocyanins, especially when growing emergent. Anthocyanins were separated by high performance liquid chromatography. Nesaea crassicaulis anthocyanins were identified according to their fragment mass spectra and ultra-visible-violet spectral characteristics

learn more and 1D and 2D NMR spectra as -3,5-di-O–glucosides

of delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, malvidin and peonidin as well as cyanidine and peonidin-3-O–glucoside. In L. cardinalis cyanidin-3-O-[6-O-(4-O-E-p-coumaroyl-O--rhamnopyranosyl)--glucopyrano]-5-O–glucopyranoside Cell Cycle inhibitor was the major anthocyanin and contributed more than 98% of total anthocyanin content. The remaining 2% was made up by cyanidin-3-O-[6-O-(4-O-E-caffeoyl-O--rhamnopyranosyl)--glucopyrano]-5-O–glucopyranoside and pelargonidin-3-O-[6-O-(4-O-E-p-coumaroyl-O--rhamnopyranosyl)--glucopyrano]-5-O–glucopyranoside.”
“Background: The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS) was developed to meet demand for instruments to measure mental well-being. It comprises 14 positively phrased Likert-style items and fulfils classic criteria for scale development. We report here the internal construct validity of WEMWBS from the perspective of the Rasch measurement model.

Methods: The model was applied to data collected from 779 respondents in Wave 12 (Autumn 2006) of the Scottish Health Education Population Survey. Respondents were aged 16-74 (average 41.9) yrs.

Results: Initial fit to model expectations was poor. The items ‘I’ve been feeling good about myself’, ‘I’ve been interested in new things’ and ‘I’ve been feeling cheerful’ all showed significant misfit to model expectations, and were deleted. This led to a marginal improvement in fit to the model.

These results imply that 24 editing sites in cotton chloroplast transcripts may MAPK inhibitor play an important

role in their protein structures and functions.”
“The complexity of the transition from solution to gel for low molecular weight gelators in apolar solvents makes it incredibly difficult to assess the gel point. Since both nucleation and crystal growth occurs prior to the formation of a continuous three dimensional network numerous techniques, such as calorimetry and inflection point of the complex modulus, are invalid when probing the gel point. However, monitoring the frequency dependence of G’ and G ” illustrates the transition from a dilute solution to a weak gel which may be differentiated from the gel point observed by the decreasing value of the complex viscosity as a function of frequency. For 3% 12-hydroxystearic acid in mineral oil once the gelator nucleates the material behaves as a dilute solution, upon crystal growth (67 degrees C) we observe the true cross over point which is independent

of frequency and finally a strong gel is formed at 64 degrees C where G’ and G ” are independent of frequency. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved,”
“Minimally invasive, image-guided thermal ablation is gaining acceptance for the treatment Cl-amidine price of solid tumour deposits and its use is increasing. This overview discusses one method of thermal ablation in one palliative setting; the local control of breast cancer liver metastases (BCLM) using radiofrequency ablation. Breast cancer is common and over half of all women diagnosed with metastatic disease develop BCLM. PD173074 The mainstay of therapy remains chemotherapy and supportive care, which may prolong survival to a median of 18-24 months. Despite breast cancer being considered a systemic disease, surgical series of metastectomy for BCLM have shown a survival advantage. Despite this, surgery for BCLM is rarely practiced due to the associated morbidity for a relatively meagre survival benefit. Similarly, radiofrequency ablation has been used for local control of BCLM; the reported series show a median survival

of between 30 and 60 months, with no treatment-related deaths and only three serious treatment-related adverse events in 164 patients reported. Despite this, scepticism remains over the efficacy of BCLM ablation due to the heterogeneity of patient inclusion and selective nature of reporting. Randomised trials are needed to formulate robust evidence-based recommendations and direct the necessary allocation of health care resources. Whether or not local ablative treatment of BCLM conveys a survival advantage is an important consideration. However, in this non-curative setting, it is essential that other outcome measures are carefully evaluated in conjunction with survival, including symptoms (local and constitutional), quality of life and psychological morbidity.

Both, model polymers and plastic parts from WEEEs were studied and optimum experimental conditions, including dissolution temperature and time, polymer concentration and type of solvent were proposed click here to achieve significant recovery of the polymer (>90 wt %). Furthermore, pyrolysis of waste Compact Disks (CD) was investigated and compared with model poly(bisphenol

A carbonate) (PC) through a laboratory-scale fixed bed reactor. The appropriate pyrolysis temperature was selected after measuring the thermal degradation of model PC by Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). A large amount of oil was measured, together with a smaller amount of gaseous product, leaving also a solid residue. For both samples, the gaseous fraction consisted mainly Of CO(2) and CO whereas in the liquid fraction a large amount of different phenolic compounds, including the monomer bisphenol A, was measured. It seems that recycling of used CDs by pyrolysis is a very promising RG-7112 research buy technique having the potential of producing useful high-value chemicals, which may find applications in the petrochemical industry. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 114: 212-221, 2009″
“Aim: To determine the effect

of zinc (Zn) therapy on serum insulin-like growth factor-l (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels in children with Zn deficiency and growth retardation, but without systemic disease, and to investigate the effect of Zn supplementation on these parameters.

Methods: Twenty-nine children (11 girls and 18 boys) Entinostat Epigenetics inhibitor were included.

Blood samples were obtained for serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 determination before and after 50 mg/day Zn supplementation for two months.

Results: The mean age of the children was 11.0 +/- 3.1 years (range 3.7-16.2 years). Serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels were below the mean values in 28 (96.6%) and all children, respectively. After Zn therapy, serum IGF-I levels were increased in 62% of the children; this increase was statistically significant in 48.3%, of the children. Serum IGFBP-3 levels were significantly increased in 10 children. There was a positive correlation between serum Zn level and bone age, and serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels. A positive correlation was present between BMI (r = 0.485, p <0.001) and serum IGF-I levels before therapy.

Conclusion: Serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels were decreased in children with Zn deficiency, and were increased after Zn supplementation. In addition, after Zn supplementation, increment of serum IGF-I levels was found to be higher in children with low BMI than those with normal BMI; therefore, the nutritional status of children may also be important, as well as Zn supplementation. Additionally, the determination of higher variation percentile of serum IGF-I level in prepubertal children compared to pubertal children was an interesting finding and necessitates further investigation.”
“Objective.

Patients were followed up at 12 months.

Results Eighty TVT, 40 transobturator tape (TOT) and 40 TVT-O were randomised. At 12 months, there was no difference in Qmax among the groups. Continence was comparable (>= 89%). QoL was improved significantly AC220 mouse in all groups (P<0.05). Five vaginal tape exposures occurred (one TVT, four TOT, zero TVT-O; P=0.028). Two percent (1/52) of sexually active patients after TVT, 17% (5/29) after TOT, but 0% (0/25) after TVT-O reported de novo female sexual dysfunction (P=0.011). We considered this

clinically important enough to stop enrolment.

Conclusions There was no difference for Qmax at 12 months between TVT, TOT and TVT-O. Female sexual dysfunction and tape exposure may be higher with a transobturator tape.”
“At the end of 2006, a pharmacovigilance program on natalizumab was settled by the Italian Pharmaceutical Agency, and on January 2007, multiple sclerosis patients poorly responding to the immunomodulating therapies or with an aggressive clinical form of disease from onset initiated to be registered and

to receive the medication. MGCD0103 price On February 2010, almost 3,000 cases have been treated with natalizumab. The drop-out rate is 10%. Almost 800 cases received cycles of natalizumab for more than 18 months. One case of PML was reported and other adverse events are similar to those described in phase III studies. The majority of cases remained stable, while in 25% of cases, an improvement of disability was www.selleckchem.com/products/pf299804.html documented.”
“Introduction and hypothesis Post-void residual urine (PVR) is a key variable in the assessment of the emptying function of the lower urinary tract and is often used as an outcome measure after treatment. Increased PVR can lead to further investigation and treatment,

or cancellation of planned incontinence surgery. In a prospective study, we aimed to assess the repeatability of the finding of PVR >= 100 ml in urogynaecologic patients.

Methods Of 396 women with urogynaecologic complaints visiting our outpatient clinic, 297 had PVR measured after a micturition in full privacy preceded by normal desire to void. Women with PVR >= 100 ml were offered a second and eventually a third PVR measurement after a subsequent micturition. A Verathon Bladder Scanner BV 9400 was used to measure PVR immediately after micturition.

Results The prevalence of PVR >= 100 was 14%, which declined to 1.3% on repeated measurements. Voided volumes did not vary between voids.

Conclusions One PVR measurement >= 100 ml is unreliable and needs repetition to confirm consistency.”
“We report the effect of Ni/Mn variation on the exchange bias properties in the bulk Mn-rich Ni50-xMn37+xSn13 (0 <= x <= 4) Heusler alloys. The excess Mn content was found to increase the exchange bias field while it decreases the exchange bias blocking temperature (T-EB) from 149 to 9 K.

Increasingly, biomarkers that can be readily assayed from blood or other body fluids will be critical to risk stratification and effective application of secondary prevention strategies, just as they have played an increasingly prominent role in www.selleckchem.com/products/gw4869.html risk stratification of acute coronary syndrome patients.”
“Purpose

This study compared the clinical outcomes of T1-2N1 breast cancer patients with and without postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT). Risk factors for loco-regional recurrence (LRR) were identified

in order to define a subgroup of patients who might benefit from PMRT.

Materials and Methods

Of 110 T1-2N1 breast cancer patients who underwent mastectomy from January 1994 through December 2009, 32 patients underwent PMRT and 78 patients

did not. Treatment outcomes and risk factors for LRR were analyzed.

Results

The 5- and 10-year LRR rates were both 6.2% in the PMRT group, and 10.4% and 14.6% in the no-PMRT group (p=0.336). In addition, no significant differences in distant metastasis-free survival Bromosporine chemical structure (DMFS) or overall survival (OS) were observed between patients receiving and not receiving PMRT. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with higher LRR rates included grade 3 disease, extracapsular extension (ECE), and triple negative subtype. Patients who had one or more risk factors for LRR were defined as a high-risk patient group. In the high-risk group, both 5- and 10-year LRR rates for patients who Quisinostat underwent PMRT was 18.2%, and LRR rates of 21.4% at five years and 36.6% at 10 years were observed for patients who did not undergo PMRT (p=0.069).

Conclusion

PMRT in T1-2N1 breast cancer patients should be considered according to several prognostic factors in addition to T and N stage. Findings of our study indicated that PMRT did not improve LRR, DMFS, or OS in

T1-2N1 breast cancer patients. However, in a subgroup of patients with grade 3 disease, ECE, or triple negative subtype, PMRT might be beneficial.”
“Despite major achievements in medicine, preterm birth (PTB) remains a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality, worldwide. Research efforts have been devoted towards a better understanding of the multifactorial aetiology of PTB and its sub-types, with the purpose of prevention and control. The availability of valid and reliable gestational age data is a prerequisite for PTB classification. Pregnancies conceived through assisted reproduction treatments provide an opportunity for the exact determination of gestational age using date of delivery and dates of fertilization or implantation. The purpose of this review article is to evaluate the current evidence for or against the various methods that can be applied to measure gestational age, namely the first day of the last menstrual period, ultrasound before 20 weeks of gestation and post-natal assessments, and to propose the use of assisted reproduction treatments populations for further validation of these methods.

We show analytically that the square of the drift in encoded position due to noise is proportional to time and inversely proportional to the number of oscillators. We also show there is a relatively fixed breakdown point, independent of many parameters of the model, Alisertib solubility dmso past which noise overwhelms the spatial signal. Based on this result, we show that a pair of oscillators are expected to maintain a stable grid for approximately t = 5 mu(3)/(4 pi sigma)(2) seconds where

mu is the mean period of an oscillator in seconds and sigma(2) its variance in seconds(2). We apply this criterion to recordings of individual persistent spiking neurons in postsubiculum (dorsal presubiculum) and layers III and V of entorhinal cortex, to subthreshold membrane potential oscillation recordings in layer II stellate cells of medial entorhinal cortex and to values from the literature regarding medial selleck inhibitor septum theta bursting cells. All oscillators examined have expected stability times far below those seen in experimental recordings of grid cells, suggesting the examined biological oscillators are unfit as a substrate for current implementations of oscillatory interference models. However, oscillatory interference models can tolerate small amounts of noise, suggesting the utility of circuit level effects which might reduce oscillator variability.

Further implications for grid cell models are LBH589 concentration discussed.”
“We have investigated the electrical characteristics of a “”model”" small-angle grain boundary (GB) in n-type direct silicon bonded wafers with intentional Au contamination. It is found that the Au aggregated at the GB can cause new acceptorlike states, developing a potential barrier. The density of Au-related GB states is about 1-2 X 10(12) cm(-2) eV(-1) in the energy range of E(c)-0.65-E(c)-0.33 eV. With the energy

level becoming deeper, the corresponding electron capture cross-section becomes larger, in the order of magnitude 10(-16)-10(-15) cm(2). It is believed that Au contamination has strong influence on the electrical properties of GB. These results are interesting for the GB engineering of n-type multicrystalline silicon solar cells for terrestrial application. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3471817]“
“For field emission from wide-band-gap semiconductor nanostructures, nonlinear plots on Fowler-Nordheim (FN) coordinates and unacceptably large field enhancement factors (beta(FN)) are often obtained by fitting based on FN equation. In the present work, the field-induced hot-electron emission model is developed and is found to give theoretical findings consistent with the experimental observation. The hot electrons are produced by heating effect of penetration field into the emitting tip of the nanostructure. This energy is expressed by effective electron temperature T(e), which is much higher than the temperature of bulk structure.

“
“Over

the past years, mucosal healing has emerged as a major therapeutic goal in clinical trials in inflammatory bowel diseases. Accumulating evidence indicates that mucosal healing may change the natural course of the disease by decreasing the need for surgery and reducing hospitalization rates in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Mucosal healing may also prevent the development of long-term disease complications, such as bowel damage in Crohn’s disease and colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis. Histologic healing may be the ultimate therapeutic goal in ulcerative colitis, whereas its impact on the course of Crohn’s disease is unknown. Complete mucosal healing may be required before considering drug withdrawal. Targeting early Crohn’s disease is more effective than approaches aimed at healing mucosa in longstanding disease. Several questions remain to be answered: should check details mucosal healing be systematically used

in clinical practice? Should we optimize therapies to achieve mucosal healing? What is the degree of intestinal healing that is required to change the disease course? Large prospective studies addressing these issues are needed. (C) 2011 European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation. MLN2238 order Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) all likely involve oxidative damage to immature tissues. It has been postulated that transfusions of adult erythrocytes contribute to the risk of developing these morbidities, as a consequence of adult hemoglobin releasing non-physiological quantities of O-2

to developing tissues. In 2009, we instituted a concerted effort to diminish erythrocyte transfusions in our NICU, and in 2013 we performed a before vs. after practice change analysis of the incidence of BPD, ROP and NEC during the 8-year period spanning this change. The transfusion rate fell from a high of 14.8% of admissions in 2007 to a low of 6.3% in 2011 (p<0.001). Concordant with this reduction patients had a lower incidence of; BPD (from 3.2% to 0.9%; OR, 3.722; CI 1.897-7.302), ROP (from 4.6% to 2.4%; OR 1.958, CI 1.247-3.073), and a trend toward less NEC (from 0.7% to ALK inhibitor clinical trial 0.2%; OR 3.090, CI 0.835-11.443).”
“The relationships between bispectral index (BIS), cardiovascular variables and minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) multiples of sevoflurane in puppies were determined. Five puppies were anesthetized with sevoflurane on two occasions. First, the individual sevoflurane MAC values were determined for each puppy. Secondly, dogs were anesthetized with sevoflurane at each of 5 MAC multiples, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5 and 1.75 MAC administered in random order. Hemodynamic parameters and BIS data were collected for 20 min.

Serum visfatin was significantly increased in the preeclamptic women (median = 10.3 ng/mL; interquartile range

[IQR] = 20) as opposed to their matched controls (median = 2.6 ng/mL; IQR = 1.4) (p < 0.001). Univariate analysis revealed a strong linear correlation of visfatin levels with systolic (r = 0.505, p < 0.001), diastolic (r = 0.467, p < 0.001) and mean arterial blood pressure (r = 0.497, p < 0.001), as well LCL161 in vivo as with uric acid concentrations in the serum (r = 0.463, p < 0.001). A receiver operating characteristics curve analysis illustrated that serum visfatin concentration is helpful in discriminating between preeclamptic or nonpreeclamptic women with an area under the curve of 0.887 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.794-0.948; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Visfatin serum concentration seems to be increased in preeclampsia as compared with uncomplicated pregnancy.”
“The composition Quizartinib ic50 of essential oils of the leaves and stem of Angelica urumiensis were analysed by chromatography-mass

spectrometry. Overall, 58 volatile components were identified on the basis of their mass spectra characteristics and retention indices. Twenty-seven compounds were identified in the oil of the leaves, comprising 94.69% of the total oil, in which -cadinol (20.2%), palmitic acid (14.14%), hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (10.03%), 1-dodecanol (7.55%), linoleic acid (6.37%) and oleic acid (5.34%) were the major constituents. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes and fatty acids were the main groups of compounds with 30.7% and 25.85%, respectively. Fifty compounds, representing 96.35% of the total oil, were identified in the stem oil. Palmitic acid (13.37), -cadinol (9.24%), (epi)–cadinol (5.76%) and -cadenine (6.11%) were the major compounds. Sesquiterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes dominated

in the oil, comprising 28.03% and 20.9%, respectively. The chemical compounds of the essential oils showed that there are only 22 common compounds between two parts.”
“Objective: Inflammation of the small intestine may occur in type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to investigate whether ATP-binding cassette transporter Al (ABCA1) and G1 (ABCG1) were altered in chronic inflammation of the small intestine of Proteases inhibitor type 2 diabetic rats.

Methods: Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Eight rats in the control group were fed with regular chow, and 24 rats were fed a high-fat diet and injected with a single low dose of streptozotocin. All of the control rats and diabetic rats were bred for 10 months. lmmunohistochemistry detected ABCA1 and ABCG1 in the small intestine in all the rats.

Results: Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed chronic inflammation in the small intestine of the diabetic rats. lmmunohistochemistry staining showed that alteration of ABCA1 and ABCG1 was different in the inflammatory and epithelial cells.

Fertile Group (Group 1) consisted of women whom have become spontaneously pregnant without any kind of infertility management. These are planned to undergo C/S with different indications. Infertile group (Group 2) consisted of women diagnosed as unexplained infertility and planned to undergo diagnostic laparoscopy according to ASRM 2006 guidelines. The frequency, number, and the bilaterality of the MH were evaluated during the C/S in fertile group and diagnostic laparoscopy in infertile group. SPSS was used for statistical analyses.

The

MH frequency was higher in Group 2 than Group 1 (P < 0.05). The bilaterality of MHs were significantly higher in Group 2 than Group 1 (P < 0.05).The number of the MHs were significantly higher in Group 2 than Group 1 (P < 0.05).

These findings suggest a possible effect of MH on fertility. The theory of MH disturbing tubal motility with respect to the pick-up and transport of ovum PLK inhibitor appears logical in this aspect.”
“Various nominally undoped, hydrothermally or melt grown (MG) ZnO single crystals have been investigated by standard positron lifetime measurements. Furthermore, optical transmission measurements and structural characterizations have been performed; the content of hydrogen

in the bound state was determined CCI-779 purchase by nuclear reaction analysis. A positron lifetime of 165-167 ps, measured for a brownish MG ZnO sample containing (0.30 +/- 0.03) at.-% of bound hydrogen, matches perfectly the value found for colorless MG ZnO crystals. The edge shift, observed in the “”blue light domain”" of the optical absorption for the former NVP-AUY922 sample with respect to the latter samples, is estimated to be 0.70 eV, and found equal to a value reported previously. The possible role of zinc interstitials is considered and discussed. Microstructure analysis by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of stacking faults in MG crystals in a high concentration, which suggests these defects to be responsible for the observed

positron lifetime. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3559264]“
“We isolated and characterized a mango (Mangifera indica L) cDNA homolog of the ethylene receptor gene ERS1, designated MiERS1. Genomic Southern blot analysis suggested the existence of a second gene with homology to MiERS1. Spatial and temporal expression patterns of MiERS1 were first studied during fruitlet drop and compared with those of a previously identified MiETR1 gene that encodes an ETR1-type ethylene receptor. Experiments were conducted on developing fruitlet explants in which fruitlet abscission was induced by ethephon treatment. Northern analysis revealed a notable increase in MiERS1 mRNA levels in the fruitlet’s activated abscission zone within 24 h of ethephon application, followed by a decreasing pattern 48 h post-treatment.