Such procedures require cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and

full anti-coagulation. The safety of re-exposure to heparin during R788 ic50 CPB despite the presence of recent-onset thrombocytopenia and Hep/PF4 antibodies has not been studied in the transplant or MCSD populations.

METHODS: Over a 24-month period, 75 heart transplants and 55 MCSD implants were performed. Fourteen patients With acute HIT (thrombocytopenia and positive Hep/PF4 antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) and 3 patients with a history of remote HIT underwent cardiac transplantation (n = 9) and/or MCSD placement (n = 8) using heparin as the anti-coagulant during CPB. The median time from diagnosis to CPB was 4.5 days in patients with acute HIT.

RESULTS: Thirty-day Survival

was 100% in transplant patients and 75% in MCSI) patients. Post-transplant ELISA testing was found to be negative in 4 patients with acute HIT and 3 with remote HIT.

CONCLUSIONS: This series demonstrates that short-term re-exposure to heparin during urgent CPB for heart transplantation or MCSD placement is safe despite the presence of thrombocytopenia and Hep/PF4 antibodies. Moreover, the rapid GS-9973 clearance of Hep/PF4 antibodies in our transplant patients suggests a potential therapeutic role for immunosuppressive therapy in the management of HTT in the acute setting. J Heart Lung Transplant 2010;29:53-60 (C) 2010 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. All rights reserved.”
“The antimicrobial susceptibilities and serotype distribution of 310 Mannheimia haemolytica isolates obtained from cattle with bovine respiratory disease during 2002-2010 were investigated. Of the 310 isolates, 198 (63.9%) were resistant to at least one of the 16 tested antimicrobial agents. The resistance rates for ampicillin, amoxicillin, dihydrostreptomycin, kanamycin, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, nalidixic acid, enrofloxacin, and danofloxacin were 20.3%, 14.5%, 43.5%, 23.5%, 24.8%, 21.9%, 23.2%, 23.9%, 47.1%, 18.7%, and 18.7%, respectively. Almost 90% of the isolates belonged to three serotypes (serotypes

A1, A2, and A6), and the relative prevalence of serotype A6 increased significantly over the last decade. Compared with bacteria belonging to other serotypes, bacteria belonging to serotype Screening Library chemical structure A6 exhibited a significantly higher antimicrobial resistance rates (chi(2) test, p < 0.05).

The results of this investigation provide useful information for understanding the serotype prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of one of the major bacteriological agents implicated in pneumonic pasteurellosis. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Methamphetamine is a highly addictive stimulant and long-term exposure leads to reductions in dopamine. One therapeutic strategy is to develop and test compounds that normalize dopamine.

4 wt % V(2)O(5) content at 8.55 GPa. The tensile strength and stress at break increased with increasing V(2)O(5) content. The addition of V(2)O(5) did not affect the melting temperature. The crystallization temperatures of PVA were significantly changed with increasing V(2)O(5) content. The 5% weight loss degradation temperature of the nanocomposites was measured by

thermogravimetric analysis. The degradation BMN 673 supplier temperatures of the V(2)O(5) nanocomposites increased with increasing filler content and were higher than the degradation temperature of pure PVA; this showed a lower thermal stability compared to those of the nanocomposites. The results show that the thermal stability increased with the incorporation of V(2)O(5) nanoparticles. The dielectric constant of PVA had a tendency to improve when the dispersion of particles was effective. The morphology of the surfaces the nanocomposites was examined by scanning electron microscopy. We observed that the dispersion of the V(2)O(5) nanoparticles was relatively good; only few aggregations existed after the addition of the V(2)O(5) nanoparticles at greater than 0.4 wt %. In perspective, the addition of 0.4 wt % V(2)O(5) nanoparticles

into PVA maximized the see more mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 121: 2870-2876, 2011″
“Background: Iron status degrades in female soldiers during military training. Inflammation-mediated up-regulation of hepcidin, a key mediator of iron homeostasis, may be a contributing factor.

Objective: We measured the efficacy of an iron-fortified food product for maintaining iron status in female soldiers during basic combat training (BCT) and examined relations between iron status, serum hepcidin concentrations, and inflammation.

Design: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted. Volunteers received an iron-fortified food product (total dose = 56 mg Fe/d) or a placebo twice daily during the 9-wk BCT course. Iron-status

indicators, serum hepcidin concentrations, and markers of inflammation were measured pre- and post-BCT.

Results: BCT affected iron status; serum ferritin concentrations decreased (P <= 0.05), and concentrations of soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and hemoglobin and the red cell distribution width increased HM781-36B solubility dmso (P <= 0.05). Consumption of the iron-fortified food product attenuated declines in iron status in iron-deficient anemic soldiers; a group-by-time interaction was observed for hemoglobin and sTfR concentrations (P <= 0.05). Serum hepcidin concentrations were not affected by BCT; however, hepcidin concentrations were lower in iron-deficient anemic soldiers than in those with normal iron status (P <= 0.05) and were positively associated with serum ferritin (P <= 0.05) and C-reactive protein (P <= 0.05) concentrations pre- and post-BCT.

Safety was evaluated from parental reports.

Results: www.selleckchem.com/products/Gefitinib.html Noninferiority (Group 1 minus Group 2) was demonstrated for anti-HBs, -PRP, -diphtheria, -tetanus, and -polio 1, 2, 3 (lower 95% confidence interval for the difference was -8.20 to 3.46). Anti-HBs antibody titers >= 10 mIU/mL and anti-PRP >= 0.15 mu g/mL were >= 95.4% in each group. Seroprotection rates were also high for the other antigens. Seroconversion rates (4-fold increase from pre- to postvaccination)

were 93.6%, 83.2%, and 95.1% in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, for antipertussis toxoid and 93.1%, 57.7%, and 90.0% for anti-filamentous hemagglutinin. Anti-HBs GMTs were 330, 148, and 1913 mIU/mL for Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Reactogenicity was similar in each group. Fever >= 39.0 degrees C occurred in 1.7%, 0.4%, and 0.0% of infants

in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively; no extensive limb swelling, hypotonic-hyporesponsive episodes, or vaccine-related serious adverse events were reported.

Conclusions: The new, fully liquid, investigational hexavalent vaccine in the Expanded Program on Immunization schedule, with/without hepatitis B at birth, is highly immunogenic and safe compared with control vaccines, warranting further development.”
“Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) has been applied for the characterization of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) layers formed on SnO2:F textured structures in an attempt BIX 01294 order to establish the structural characterization method for a-Si:H solar cells. In particular, an optical model that allows the complete evaluation of microscopically non-uniform a-Si:H/SnO2:F textured structures has been developed for the SE analysis. In order to express the complicated optical response in

the textured structures, the optical model incorporates (i) the surface roughness and interface layers calculated using an effective-medium-approximation multilayer model and (ii) the a-Si:H/SnO2:F structure divided into two regions with different thicknesses. Using this optical model, SE spectra obtained experimentally from the a-Si:H/SnO2:F textured structure can be reproduced almost perfectly. The a-Si:H/SnO2:F structure deduced from the SE analysis shows remarkable agreement with that CHIR-99021 price observed from transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, a variety of a-Si:H layers with different thicknesses are expressed from the identical optical model. The SE analysis method developed in this study can be utilized further to perform high-precision and non-destructive characterization of various a-Si:H layers incorporated in large-area a-Si:H modules. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3646521]“
“Background: Meningococcal disease remains an important cause of invasive bacterial infections in children less than 5 years of age.

In an in vitro naive and memory/effector T-cell co-culture, the combination of costimulation-blockade and SRL could abrogate both antigen-specific T-cell

responses as efficiently as using a CNI drug. The combination of T-cell depletion, costimulation-blockade and mTor inhibition seems to be able to allow Treg survival and inhibit donor-specific alloreactive effector immune responses after kidney transplantation in humans.”
“Highly (100)-textured Pb(Zr(0.53)Ti(0.47))O(3) films (Lotgering factors >= 90%) with thicknesses ranging from 20 to 260 nm were grown on platinized Si substrates using sol-gel deposition. Ferroelectric hysteresis, high throughput screening compounds low field dielectric permittivity, and nonlinear dielectric response as well as converse longitudinal piezoelectric response (d(33,f))

of the ultrathin films were studied FLT3 inhibitor at 1 kHz. The measurements revealed the existence of a critical film thickness, similar to 50 nm, below which the extrinsic contributions to the dielectric response are almost completely suppressed. Piezoelectric response of the films also showed a significant (similar to 50%) drop at the same critical thickness. Due to the columnar microstructure of these films the critical dimension of the ferroelectric is represented by the thickness rather than the lateral grain size, where the latter is invariant across the samples. The critical thickness led also to a deviation of the thickness dependence of the dielectric permittivity from the in-series capacitors model frequently representing “”interfacial dead layers.”" The critical size is attributed selleck chemicals to significant reduction in domain wall population and/or mobility in films thinner than similar to 50 nm. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3527970]“
“The accuracy of protein structures, particularly their binding sites, is essential for the success of modeling protein complexes. Computationally inexpensive methodology is required for genome-wide modeling of such structures. For systematic evaluation of potential accuracy in high-throughput modeling

of binding sites, a statistical analysis of target-template sequence alignments was performed for a representative set of protein complexes. For most of the complexes, alignments containing all residues of the interface were found. The full interface alignments were obtained even in the case of poor alignments where a relatively small part of the target sequence (as low as 40%) aligned to the template sequence, with a low overall alignment identity (<30%). Although such poor overall alignments might be considered inadequate for modeling of whole proteins, the alignment of the interfaces was strong enough for docking. In the set of homology models built on these alignments, one third of those ranked 1 by a simple sequence identity criteria had RMSD < 5 angstrom, the accuracy suitable for low-resolution template free docking.

1. Mean utility differences between groups were: 0.23 (computerised cognitive behavioural therapy for depression, P < 0.001), 0.11 (hip resurfacing for hip osteoarthritis, P < 0.001), 0.0005 (cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia, P = 0.98), 0.15 (pulmonary rehabilitation for COPD, P < 0.001) and 0.11 (infliximab for Crohn’s disease, P < 0.001). The confidence

intervals around the estimates of utility-based treatment effect in three of the five examples did not exclude the possibility of a difference smaller than a minimally important difference of 0.1. Recent empirical evidence suggests a lower minimally selleck chemicals important difference (0.03) may be more appropriate, in which case our results provide further reassurance of ACY-241 cost preservation of precision in health state description and valuation.

The precision of estimates of treatment effects based on preference data obtained from disease-specific measurements in clinically

significant studies of health technologies was acceptable using an internet-based panel of members of the general public and the standard gamble. Definition of the minimally important difference in utility estimates is required to adequately assess precision and should be the subject of further research.”
“Objective: To assess the changes in the facial attractiveness (FA) in two groups of cleft lip and palate patients with Class III malocclusions treated using LeFort I surgery or late maxillary protraction.

Materials and methods: Standardized pre- and post-treatment photographs were taken of 32 patients (17 corrected by orthognathic surgery and 17 by late maxillary protraction). The photographs were randomized and 42 clinicians and 121 laypeople rated them on a 10-point FA scale via a web-based survey.

Results: Clinicians’ mean FA values increased from 4.45 to 5.16 [95% CI of mean difference (MD), 0.59-0.82, p < 0.001] in surgical cases and 4.84 to 5.30 (95% CI of MD, 0.35-0.56, p < 0.001) in protraction 17DMAG chemical structure cases. The laypeople mean FA values increased from 5.07 to 5.54(95% CI of MD, 0.40-0.53, p < 0.001) in surgical cases and 5.51 to 5.68 (95% CI of MD, 0.11-0.23, p <

0.001) in protraction cases. When patients combined, laypeople rated FA 0.64 points higher (95% CI, 0.54-0.74, p < 0.001) in pre-treatment and 0.38 points higher (95% Cl, 0.27-0.48, p < 0.05) in post-treatment relative to clinicians.

Conclusion: Both clinicians and laypeople perceived an improvement of FA after both treatments. Laypeople rated FA higher compared to clinicians. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“degradation of a range of aromatic substrates by anaerobic microbial communities was studied. Active methanogenic microbial communities decomposing aminoaromatic acids and azo dyes into CH(4) and CO(2) were isolated. Products of primary conversion were found to be 2-hydroxybenzyl and benzyl alcohols gradually transforming into benzoate.

(C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 113: 3388-3396, 2009″
“We report a simple one pot aqueous chemical synthesis route to fabricate very small and highly stable HgTe nanoparticles (NPs)

capped with L-cysteine ethyl ester hydrochloride (LEEH). The LEEH concentration Selleck C59 wnt has found to be critical for desired size NP synthesis Structural analyses by grazing angle x-ray diffraction and high resolution electron microscopy studies indicate HgTe NPs to exhibit a fee phase with < 111 > prominent reflection having monodispersed NP size of around 2.0 rim. A strong size quantization effect marked by a prominent excitonic absorption at 4.436 eV blueshifted by 4.586 eV from the bulk band gap value has been observed in their optical absorption Studies. A strong and narrow Gaussian fluorescence emission at 3.3 eV has been observed for 2.0 nm NP size whose width is being

narrowed down with increasing LEEH concentration The strong UV range absorption and emission have been observed for the first time in HgTe NPs. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3253331]“
“Background: Clinical evaluation of the axilla is an area of controversy in current breast cancer research and management. Evidence of axillary metastasis on biopsy affects all modalities of cancer therapeutics and is central to breast cancer staging. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is standard therapy for patients with locally advanced breast cancer and considered for patients with early-stage breast cancer.

Methods: Selleckchem Napabucasin This article discusses axillary ultrasonography for axillary staging relative to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, reviews advances in sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy techniques, and explores an integrated approach to axillary staging. Techniques for staging the axilla after a breast cancer diagnosis relative to the use of neoadjuvant

selleck chemicals chemotherapy are also discussed.

Results: There is increasing support in the literature for routine axillary ultrasonography and percutaneous biopsy in the evaluation of regional nodal metastasis for breast cancer. SLN biopsy and axillary node dissection continue to be the standards for definitive staging.

Conclusions: Axillary ultrasonography (with or without biopsy) and SLN biopsy are safe and feasible options for breast cancer staging and may facilitate treatment decisions for surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Multidisciplinary review may also significantly influence treatment and timing of staging and therapy. An integrated approach to diagnosis and treatment is beneficial for both patients and providers.”
“Box Behnken design of experiment was Used to study the effect of process variables such as alkali concentration, temperature and time on water retention capacity of the alkaline hydrolysed electrospun fibres.

Prevention efforts that seek to shield youths from having a chance to try cannabis might benefit Napabucasin solubility dmso from attention to early predictive behavioral and school readiness characteristics. When a youth’s chance to try cannabis is discovered, there are new windows of opportunity for prevention and intervention. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“PURPOSE: To evaluate the reading performance, changes in quality of life, and optical performance after cataract surgery with multifocal diffractive intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.

SETTING: Vissum Corporation, Alicante, Spain.

DESIGN: Prospective case series.

METHODS: Patients with bilateral cataract

had implantation of Acri.LISA 366D multifocal IOLs. Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity outcomes were evaluated during a 6-month follow-up. Other parameters evaluated included reading performance (Salzburg Reading Desk), a 25-item

quality-of-life Vorinostat Epigenetics inhibitor questionnaire (National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire-25 [NEI VFQ-25] and appendix NEI VFQ-39), and ocular optical performance (ocular aberrometry and modulation transfer function).

RESULTS: The study included 48 eyes (24 patients) ranging in age from 47 to 77 years. The mean uncorrected distance visual acuity (logMAR) improved significantly 1 month postoperatively (P<.01), with no significant changes afterward (6 months, P >=.06). The mean reading acuity without correction improved significantly from 0.68 logRAD +/- 0.20 (SD) to 0.16 +/- 0.08 logRAD 1 month after surgery (P<.01). However, it was worse by the end of the follow-up (6 months, P = .04). During the follow-up, no significant changes were found in the mean reading speed without near correction (6 months, P = .50). Contrast sensitivity improved significantly at all spatial frequencies under photopic and scotopic conditions after surgery (6 months, P <=.02). The quality-of-life index related

to reading ability also improved significantly (3 months, P = .03).

CONCLUSION: Implantation of the multifocal diffractive IOL significantly improved reading performance, which had a positive effect on the patient’s quality of CX-6258 solubility dmso life postoperatively.”
“The functions of crystallizable ethylene-propylene copolymers in the formation of multiple phase morphology of high impact polypropylene (hiPP) were studied by solvent extraction fractionation, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), nuclear magnetic resonance (C-13-NMR), and selected reblending of different fractions of hiPP. The results indicate that hiPP contains, in addition to polypropylene (PP) and amorphous ethylene-propylene random copolymer (EPR) as well as a small amount of polyethylene (PE), a series of crystallizable ethylene-propylene copolymers.

“
“Background: Damage control laparotomy (DCL) is a lifesaving technique Vorinostat ic50 initially employed to minimize the lethal triad of coagulopathy, hypothermia, and acidosis. Recently, it has been recognized that DCL itself carries significant morbidity and may be overutilized. The purpose of this study was to determine (1) whether

early fascial closure is associated with a reduction in postoperative complications and (2) whether patients at our institution met traditional DCL indications (acidosis, hypothermia, and coagulopathy).

Methods: This is a retrospective review of all patients undergoing immediate laparotomy at a Level I trauma center between 2004 and 2008. DCL was defined as temporary abdominal closure at the initial surgery. Early closure was defined as primary fascial closure at initial take back laparotomy. Patients were

excluded if they died before first take back. Acidosis (pH <7.30), hypothermia (temperature <95.0 degrees F), and coagulopathy (international normalized ratio >1.5) were measured on intensive care unit (ICU) arrival.

Results: Totally, 925 patients were eligible. Thirty percent had DCL employed. Of these, 86 subjects (34%) were closed at first take back while 161 (66%) were not. Both groups were similar in demographics, injury severity score, resuscitation volumes, click here blood products, and prehospital, emergency department, and operating room vital signs. Univariate analyses Fer-1 molecular weight noted that intra-abdominal abscesses (8.4% vs. 21.3%), respiratory failure (14.4% vs. 37.1%), sepsis (8.4% vs. 25.1%), and renal failure (3.6% vs. 25.1%) were lower in patients closed at first take back (all <0.05). Controlling for age, gender, injury severity score, and transfusions, logistic regression analysis noted that closure at the first take back was associated with a reduction in infectious (odds ratio, 0.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12-0.66; p = 0.004) and noninfectious abdominal complications (odds ratio, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.09-0.56; p = 0.001) as well as wound (odds

ratio, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.13-0.72; p = 0.007) and pulmonary complications (odds ratio, 0.35; CI, 0.20-0.62; p < 0.001). Of patients closed at the initial take back, 78% were acidotic (35%), coagulopathic (49%), or hypothermic (44%) on initial ICU admission.

Conclusion: Early fascial closure is an independent predictor of reduced complications in DCL patients. One in five patients closed at initial take back did not meet any of the traditional indications for DCL upon initial ICU admission. This may represent an overutilization of this valuable technique, exposing patients to increased complications. Further efforts should be directed at achieving both early facial closure as well as redefining the appropriate indications for DCL.

Three screws (0.32%) violated the lateral wall of the pedicle, two screws (0.21%) violated the inferior wall, and three screws (0.32%) were suspected of medial wall violation for a total of eight screws (0.84%) malpositioned. Although short-term click here complications occurred in nine patients (10.2%) (four-wound infection, two-foot drop, two-respiratory problems, first-sixth cranial nerve palsy), there were no insertion or short-term complications specifically related to the use of pedicle screws. Long-term complications occurred

in nine patients (10.2%) (three-deformity progression, four-growing rod breakage), whereas two patients required revision surgery because of pullout and prominence of proximal thoracic pedicle screws (n = 4) placed in growing rod constructs (2.3% of patients, 0.4% of screws).

Conclusion. There were no intraoperative or short-term pedicle screw insertion-related complications and a very low long-term complication rate (2.3% of patients, 0.4%

of screws) specifically related to the use of pedicle selleck compound screws in infantile and juvenile spinal deformity patients. More than 99% of screws were accurately placed.”
“Alkylphenols have xenoestrogenic activity, which mimic the action of physiological estrogens and these mim-icking activities are mainly mediated by nongenomic pathway. Nongenomic pathway plays a pivotal role in breast, endometrial and ovarian cancers’ growth and development. JQ-EZ-05 clinical trial In this study,

various alkylphenol derivatives were prepared and screened for their anti-uterotrophic and uterotrophic activity. Among these compounds, 2-hydroxy-5-nonanoylbenzamide (compound 1b) showed 93.99% inhibitory activity in the anti-uterotrophic test performed, and was found inactive in the uterotrophic activity test. Moreover, all test compounds were examined for the effect on uterine histopathological changes, and plasma 17 beta-estradiol (E-2) level. Compound 1b was also tested for in vitro anti-cancer activity against ER+, human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, and it reduced cell viability to 74.01% at 50 nM concentration.”
“We used diffusion tensor imaging to characterize microstructural changes and their associations with cognition in Chinese patients with frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE). We examined 18 adult patients with FLE and 20 healthy controls. Compared with normal controls, patients with FLE had increased mean diffusivity (MD) in the right frontal lobe and decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) in both thalami. Patients with FLE also had decreased FA in the right frontal lobe that correlated with patient age at seizure onset and increased MD in the left thalamus that correlated with duration of epilepsy. Patients with FLE performed significantly worse on nearly all cognitive tasks, and there was a positive correlation between Mini-Mental Status Examination scores and FA in the left frontal lobe and the left thalamus.

Many factors were found to affect the amount of alkaloids extracted: which parts of the plant were used roots gave

the highest yield; particle size of the material highest yield when the plant was sieved through size 40?mesh; the type of solvent a mixture of 0.1% hydrochloric acid with industrial alcohol was the best; The ratio of material to solvent 1 part plant material to eight parts solvent gave the highest extraction; the duration of the extraction 72?h and the number of re-extractions three also improved yield. The ratio of material to solvent had the most important impact on extraction efficiency while the number of re-extractions had a minor effect. The pesticidal activity of extracts was enhanced using this optimised technique.”
“The purpose of the study was to develop an optimized thermoreversible in situ Immunology & Inflammation inhibitor gelling IPI-145 molecular weight ophthalmic drug delivery system based on Pluronic F 127, containing moxifloxacin hydrochloride as a model drug.

A 3(2) full factorial design was employed with two polymers: Pluronic F 68 and Gelrite as independent variables used in combination with Pluronic F 127. Gelation temperature, gel strength, bioadhesion force, viscosity and in vitro drug release after 1 and 10 h were selected as dependent variables. Pluronic F 68 loading with Pluronic F 127 was found to have a significant effect on gelation temperature of the formulation and to be of importance for gel formation at temperatures 33-36 degrees C. Gelrite loading showed a positive effect on bioadhesion force and gel strength and was also found helpful in controling the release rate of the drug. The quadratic mathematical model developed is applicable to predicting formulations with desired gelation temperature, gel strength, bioadhesion force and drug release properties.”
“Two regioisomeric meroterpenoids, Eugenial A and B, have been isolated from the fruits of Eugenia LB-100 Others inhibitor multiflora and their structures established on the basis of NMR evidences. They possess

a phloroglucinol-monoterpene structure similar to the euglobals occurring in the sister genus Eucaliptus. A simple method to distinguish between regioisomeric pairs was pointed.”
“In the present study, antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of the leaves of seven Egyptian Cassia species was investigated using two methods, the phosphomolybdate method and 1,1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH.) scavenging activity method. The results revealed that C. glauca is the most potent species and that the activity of other plant species decreases in the following order: C. grandis > C. nodosa > C. fistula > C. didymobtrya > C. occidentalis > C. sophera.

Defatted methanolic extract of the most active plant C. glauca was subjected to fractionation using different organic solvents such as CHCl(3), EtOAc and BuOH.