The main constituent was citral (76.00%). In a laboratory bioassay, high concentration of essential oil significantly inhibited germination and seedling growth of Echinochloa crus-galli and affecting alpha-amylase activity of seeds. In a glass house bioassay, essential oil at concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10% (v/v) was foliar-applied on E. crus-galli at 28 days after sowing at spray volume of 1000 L ha(-1). Observation of leaf wilt symptoms was noted at 6 h after treatment. Chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid content https://www.selleckchem.com/products/wh-4-023.html was decreased with concentrations of essential oil, indicating that essential oil interferes with photosynthetic metabolism. C. citratus essential

oil caused an electrolyte leakage indicating membrane disruption and loss of integrity. Treated leaves exhibited an increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), suggesting lipid peroxidation. It is to conclude that

essential oil is phytotoxic and could be utilized as a natural herbicide for future weed control. HSP990 datasheet (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“We present a report describing use of a 360-degree conjunctival graft for management of progressive keratomalacia refractory to medical treatment in a 5-month-old American Cocker Spaniel. In the dog of this report, the extension of melting to nearly the entire corneal surface limited surgical options. Following surgery and later resection of the graft, the patient is visual with minimal corneal opacity. Numerous corneal grafting techniques have been described in companion animals, but require special materials and may not be possible when melting is extensive. Although older animals or animals with additional corneal pathology may have less ideal outcomes in terms of corneal clarity than the patient of this report, we believe that 360-degree conjunctival grafting offers a viable and cost-effective option for management of cases with extensive keratomalacia that may otherwise have resulted in enucleation.”
“White-coat hypertension

is characterized by an elevation in clinic blood pressure but normal home or ambulatory blood-pressure values, whereas patients with masked hypertension have normal clinic blood pressure and elevated ambulatory or home blood-pressure PHA-848125 datasheet load. Both white-coat and masked hypertension are frequent clinical entities that need appropriate recognition and a close diagnostic follow-up. White-coat and masked hypertension seem to be associated with organ damage and increased cardiovascular risk, although not invariably. In addition, patients with masked or white-coat hypertension have an increased risk of abnormalities affecting their glucose and lipid profiles. Therefore, the diagnosis of these conditions should be accurate and include the assessment of cardiovascular as well as of metabolic risk.

A retrospective case series of patients who underwent SNS at a single institution was analyzed.

Seventy-six patients underwent stage I trial of SNS. Fifty-eight check details (76%) patients experienced improvement and underwent placement of

an implantable pulse generator with a mean follow-up of 23.7 months (SD +/- 22.3). Surgical revisions occurred in 14/58 (24%) patients and 15/58 (26%) patients had the device explanted after a mean of 2.8 years (SD +/- 1.7). Patients with greater than ten incontinence episodes per day were more likely to have a successful stage I trial compared to those with less than five (OR = 10.3; 95% CI 2.1 to 50.60).

Although SNS is a safe and effective therapy for lower urinary tract disorders, it is associated with a high reoperation rate.”
“Three different forms of perlite (non-expanded, semi-expanded and expanded) were tested as carriers of phosphate-accumulating bacterium Acinetobacter junii. The highest rate of immobilization of A. junii (12.65 x 10(9) CFU g(-1)) was obtained for expanded perlite, followed by semi-expanded (5.57 x 10(9) www.selleckchem.com/products/ON-01910.html CFU g(-1)) and non-expanded (1.68 x 10(9) CFU g(-1)) perlite. The number of immobilized A. junii on expanded perlite was the highest among all carriers of Acinetobacter species reported in the literature so far. The immobilization of A. junii on perlite was dependent

on the particle size, but not on the zeta potential of particles. The SSA of the perlite samples influenced immobilization of A. junii but was not recognized as the crucial factor. Immobilized bacteria were metabolically active and successfully removed phosphate from the wastewater when incubated in pure culture or in bioaugmented activated sludge. In the system with activated sludge the best carrier of A. junii was the semi-expanded perlite which was well incorporated in the sludge. The expanded perlite was floating on the surface of the wastewater while raw perlite sunk to the bottom of the reactor, diminishing the exposure and consequently LXH254 price phosphate removal of immobilized bacteria in the wastewater. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“P>Organisms are covered extracellularly

with cuticular waxes that consist of various fatty acids. In higher plants, extracellular waxes act as indispensable barriers to protect the plants from physical and biological stresses such as drought and pathogen attacks. However, the effect of fatty acid composition on plant development under normal growth conditions is not well understood. Here we show that the ONION1 (ONI1) gene, which encodes a fatty acid elongase (beta-ketoacyl CoA synthase) involved in the synthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids, is required for correct fatty acid composition and normal shoot development in rice. oni1 mutants containing a reduced amount of very-long-chain fatty acids produced very small shoots, with an aberrant outermost epidermal cell layer, and ceased to grow soon after germination.

Ten samples GSK1838705A were obtained for the study from patients attending a fertility clinic. Once collected, the sperm samples were prepared by density gradient centrifugation and incubated with 11 different lubricants including positive and negative controls for 30 min at 37 A degrees C to mimic the temperature inside the female reproductive tract. Sperm motility, vitality and DNA fragmentation were assessed to determine

the effects of the lubricants on sperm function and DNA integrity.

Nine lubricants were investigated including Sylk (TM), Conceive PlusA (R), glycerol, Johnson’sA (R) Baby Oil, SAGEA (R) Culture Oil, YesA (R), Forelife (TM), MaybeBabyA (R) and Pre-seedA (R). The lubricant which had the best results in terms of vitality, at 92 %, was Pre-seedA (R) and the worst was Forelife (TM) with 28 % vitality. In terms

of motility, Pre-seedA (R) resulted in the highest percentage of spermatozoa with progressive motility at 86 % and Sylk (TM) resulted in the lowest percentage of progressively motile cells in the sample with 31 % of sperm progressively motile. There were no significant effects on DNA integrity.

Pre-seedA (R) was the lubricant which had the least negative effect JQ1 on sperm function, with Conceive PlusA (R) a close second, due to the significantly higher sperm motility and vitality parameters measured following lubricant exposure.”
“Heart transplantation has evolved into GANT61 cost the treatment of choice for eligible patients with end-stage heart failure. Effective immunosuppression is critical to the success of this treatment, with the modern era beginning with the advent of cyclosporin A in the 1980s. In this Perspectives article,

the major prospective, randomized trials of immunosuppression after heart transplantation are briefly reviewed. These trials provided the setting for the 2011 TICTAC trial, in which combined immunosuppression was compared with monotherapy. The results of the study are discussed, as are the implications of these data for future research, including the importance of frameworks, the risks and benefits of changes in immunosuppression regimen, the future of funding for such research, and the selection of appropriate end points in trials of heart transplantation. The presupposed need for multidrug immunosuppression is challenged, and the potential efficacy and benefits of monotherapy are explored.”
“Aims We hypothesize that the expression of genes encoding vaginal smooth muscle (SM) contractile proteins is altered in patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and is influenced by age and menopausal status. We aim to analyze the expression of SM-myosin heavy chain (MHY11), caldesmon (CALD1), SM gamma-actin (ACTG2), and tropomyosin (TPM1), in premenopausal and postmenopausal women with advanced POP and asymptomatic controls.

(C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 113: 2232-2237, 2009″
“In this paper we discuss an experimental method based on the ac susceptibility for measuring the effective SN-38 transverse resistivity in multifilament NbTi wires designed for low loss applications. Short samples of wire are involved in the measurements, with lengths comparable with the twist pitch. The measured values of the transverse resistivity are compared to expectations coming from a model based on a numerical approach.

(C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3234378]“
“A method using a combination of ball milling, acid hydrolysis, and ultrasound was developed to obtain a high yield of cellulose nanofibers from flax fibers and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). Polyvinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposites were prepared with these additives by a solution-casting technique. The cellulose nanofibers and nanocomposite films that were produced were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray

diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Nanofibers derived from MCC were on average approximately 8 nm in diameter and 111 nm in length. The diameter of the cellulose nanofibers produced from flax fibers was approximately 9 nm, and the length was find more 141 nm. A significant enhancement of the thermal and mechanical properties was achieved with a small addition of cellulose nanofibers to the polymer matrix. Interestingly, the flax nanofibers had the same reinforcing effects as MCC nanofibers in the matrix. Dynamic mechanical https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ro-3306.html analysis results indicated that the use of cellulose nanofibers (acid hydrolysis) induced a mechanical percolation phenomenon leading to outstanding and unusual mechanical properties through the formation of a

rigid filler network in the PVA matrix. X-ray diffraction showed that there was no significant change in the crystallinity of the PVA matrix with the incorporation of cellulose nanofibers. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 113: 2238-2247, 2009″
“Objective: To describe the diagnostic performance of array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) as a potential first line diagnostic method in first trimester high risk pregnancies.

Method: In a retrospective study we performed aCGH using a targeted array BAC platform (Constitutional Chip (R) 4.0, PerkinElmer, Turku Finland, median resolution 600 kB) and the Affymetrix Cytogenetics (R) Whole Genome 2.7 M array (at a resolution of 400kB) on 100 anonymized prenatal samples from first trimester high risk pregnancies with normal conventional karyotype. We studied the technical feasibility and turn-around-time as well as the detection rate of pathogenic submicroscopic chromosome anomalies and CNVs of unknown significance.

Results: We obtained results in 98 of 100 samples in 3 to a maximum of 5 days after DNA extraction.

11.1.11), catalase (CAT: EC 1.11.1.6) and peroxidase (POD: EC 1.11.1.7)] and a reduction in endogenous H2O2 levels and root vitality. Although grass pea seeds absorbed exogenous H2O2 during seed germination, DAB staining of paraffin sections revealed that exogenous H2O2 only entered the root epidermis and not inner tissues. These data indicated that exogenously applied H2O2 could lead to a reversible loss of the root gravitropic response and a horizontal curvature in primary roots during radicle

emergence of the seedling. (C) 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.”
“Ninety-one consecutive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients (American College of Rheumatology criteria) with a history of cutaneous vasculitis were compared to 163 SLE controls without this clinical manifestation from July to December 2007 in order to determine the possible clinical and

serological association of this manifestation. this website Data were obtained in an ongoing electronic database protocol and autoantibodies to anti-double-stranded DNA, anti-Sm, anti-RNP, anti-Ro/SS-A, anti-La/SS-B, and anticardiolipin and ribosomal P protein antibody (anti-P) were detected by standard techniques. Exclusion criteria were the presence of anti-phospholipid syndrome or antibodies, Sjogren syndrome, and a history of thrombosis. The mean age (38.5 +/- 11.5 vs. 37.8 +/- 11.6 years, p = 0.635), disease duration (12.5 +/- 7.8 vs. 11.8 +/- 7.9 years, p = 0.501), and frequency of white race (71.4% vs. 70.5%, p = 0.872) and female sex (96.8% vs. 93.7%, p = 0.272) were comparable in both groups. The SHP099 vasculitis learn more group had a higher frequency of malar rash (97.9% vs. 87.4%, p = 0.004), photosensitivity (91.4% vs. 81.6%, p = 0.030), and Raynaud phenomenon (RP; 27.7% vs. 7.5%, p < 0.001), whereas all other clinical manifestation including renal and central nervous system involvements were similar to the control group. Laboratorial

data revealed that only anti-P (35.1% vs. 12.1%, p < 0.001) was more frequent in patients with vasculitis. In a multivariate logistic regression model, cutaneous vasculitis was associated to the presence of RP (OR = 3.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.73-8.00) and anti-P (OR = 3.42; 95% CI = 1.76-6.66). In summary, SLE cutaneous vasculitis characterizes a subgroup of patients with more RP and anti-P antibodies but not accompanied by a higher frequency of renal and central nervous system involvements.”
“The electronic structure of the poly(3-hexylthiophene):indene-C-60 bisadduct (P3HT:ICBA) blend is investigated with direct and inverse photoemission spectroscopy. The energy gap between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of ICBA and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of P3HT, which is central to the performance of photovoltaic cells made with this blend, is found equal to 1.68 eV.

Conclusion: OTC aspirin is safe and effective. Safety concerns should not limit brief use to relieve acute pain, cold or fever. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd.”
“Interstitial pneumonia

develops in association with inhaled particles. In-air microparticle induced X-ray emission (in-air micro) analysis was previously employed to assess the spatial distribution and content of particles in surgical lung biopsy specimens. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of in-air microanalysis for transbronchial lung biopsy specimens in patients with or without occupational exposure. The elements composing lung particles and their locations could be identified by in-air microanalysis. Silicon was the major component of particles. Quantitative analysis revealed that the elements composing lung particles varied learn more between patients. In a patient with suspected nickel exposure, aluminium, vanadium, and calcium were detected, but was not detected. In a patient without a work history (housewife), various elements were detected. In-air micro-analysis was useful for assessing the spatial distribution and content of particles in specimens from patients. Occupational exposure was not necessarily

associated with deposition of particles in the lungs. Therefore, in the diagnosis of, elemental analysis of specimens by in-air micro-analysis Rigosertib chemical structure could be useful for assessing exposure to particles objectively.”
“The basal nucleus of the amygdala (BA) is involved in the formation of context-dependent conditioned fear and extinction memories.

To understand the underlying neural mechanisms we developed a large-scale neuron network model of the BA, composed of excitatory and inhibitory leaky-integrate-and-fire neurons. Excitatory BA neurons received conditioned stimulus (CS)-related input from the adjacent lateral nucleus (LA) and contextual input from the hippocampus or medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). We implemented a plasticity mechanism according to which CS and contextual synapses were potentiated if CS and contextual inputs temporally coincided on the afferents of the excitatory neurons. Our simulations revealed a differential recruitment of two distinct subpopulations of BA neurons MK-4827 DNA Damage inhibitor during conditioning and extinction, mimicking the activation of experimentally observed cell populations. We propose that these two subgroups encode contextual specificity of fear and extinction memories, respectively. Mutual competition between them, mediated by feedback inhibition and driven by contextual inputs, regulates the activity in the central amygdala (CEA) thereby controlling amygdala output and fear behavior. The model makes multiple testable predictions that may advance our understanding of fear and extinction memories.

“” PIHs are prevalent, moderate to severe in intensity, last many hours, and frequently have characteristics of migraine. Young adults with a history of interictal headaches are at increased risk of developing PIH. Young age at onset and long

duration of epilepsy, drug-resistant seizures, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and possibly an occipital epileptic focus are additional risk factors. 3-MA order Although PIH is estimated to have a significant impact on the quality of life of people with epilepsy, it is frequently undertreated. Simple analgesics may prove beneficial. Epilepsy and headache share common pathophysiological mechanisms, as suggested by clinical and investigational findings, although the exact processes underlying these conditions are still largely unknown. (C) check details 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“In this study, Fe/Mn/Co trilayers were grown on Cu(100) to investigate the combination of exchange-bias coupling and long-range interlayer coupling. The crystalline structures of fct-Co and fct-Mn were confirmed by low energy electron

diffraction (LEED) and I/V-LEED. The magnetic hysteresis loops were measured by magneto-optical Kerr effect as a function of Fe and Mn thickness. When the fct-Mn was increased to 24 ML, the Co and Fe layers underwent incoherent two-step magnetization switching with a special feature. The interlayer coupling preferred coherent rotation of Fe and Co, but the

exchange bias coupling of Mn/Co increased the coercivity of the Co layer, prohibiting rotation simultaneous with the Fe layer. As a result, during the Fe flipping, the Co layer first rotated in accordance with the Fe layer and then turned back to the initial orientation. Our simulation also demonstrated a similar phenomenon when the exchange bias coupling and interlayer coupling were of comparable magnitude. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3592345]“
“Biomimetic polymer nanofibers of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) and poly(L-lactide caprolactone) copolymer were prepared by electrospinning. Modifications of the polymer nanofibers aimed at improving their biomimetic properties were performed by two different routes: (1) immobilization of an LY3023414 PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitor adhesion peptide, which mimicked the adhesion sequence of the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin, on the polymer surface and (2) incorporation of self-complementary oligopeptides, which showed alternated hydrophilic and hydrophobic side chain groups and was capable of generating extended ordered structures by self-assembling, into the polymer nanofibers. The structure of the polymer/peptide nanofibers was investigated by X-ray photoelectron and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

(c) 2012 Society of Chemical Industry”
“Recent studies have shown

that molecular control of inner floral organ identity appears to be largely conserved between monocots and dicots, but little is known regarding the molecular mechanism underlying development of the monocot outer floral organ, a unique floral structure in grasses. In this study, we report the cloning of the rice EXTRA GLUME1 (EG1) gene, a putative lipase gene that Sotrastaurin cell line specifies empty-glume fate and floral meristem determinacy. In addition to affecting the identity and number of empty glumes, mutations in EG1 caused ectopic floral organs to be formed at each organ whorl or in extra ectopic whorls. Iterative glume-like structures or new floral organ primordia were formed in the presumptive region of the carpel, resulting in an indeterminate floral meristem. EG1 is expressed strongly in inflorescence primordia and weakly in developing floral primordia. We also found that the floral meristem and organ identity gene OsLHS1 showed altered expression

SHP099 supplier with respect to both pattern and levels in the eg1 mutant, and is probably responsible for the pleiotropic floral defects in eg1. As a putative class III lipase that functionally differs from any known plant lipase, EG1 reveals a novel pathway that regulates rice empty-glume fate and spikelet development.”
“During atherosclerosis monocyte-derived macrophages accumulate cholesteryl esters from low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) via lectin-like oxidised LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) and class AI and AII (SR-AI, SR-AII) and class B (SR-BI, CD36) scavenger receptors. Here we examined the hypothesis that hyperglycaemia may modulate receptor expression and hence lipid accumulation in macrophages. Human monocytes were matured into macrophages in 30 versus 5 mM glucose and receptor expression and lipid accumulation quantified. High glucose elevated LOX1 mRNA, but decreased IPI-145 nmr SR-AI, SR-BI, LDLR, and CD36 mRNA. SR-BI and CD36 protein levels were decreased. Normo- and hyperglycaemic cells accumulated cholesteryl esters from modified LDL to a greater extent than control

LDL, but total and individual cholesteryl ester accumulation was not affected by glucose levels. It is concluded that, whilst macrophage scavenger receptor mRNA and protein levels can be modulated by high glucose, these are not key factors in lipid accumulation by human macrophages under the conditions examined.”
“BACKGROUND: Oxidative absorption of hydrogen sulfide into a solution of ferric chelates is studied in a stirred cell glass reactor. The experiments were performed to investigate the degradation of chelates sodium salt of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) (Merck), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid diadisodium salt (EDTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) at 313 K, pH 6, iron concentration 10 000 g L1 and Fe:chelate molar ratio 1:2.

After 55 days, important digestive enzymes were assayed For immunological study, lysozyme, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) levels were measured Then the fish were kept for one Month Without radiation and lysozyme level was measured

Results: Protein concentration varied directly with the duration of exposure and was highest among fish that had received the 15 min UV-B irradiation Significantly higher amylase, protease, try sin and chymotrypsin activities were LY333531 concentration found in 5 min exposed fish compared to others Lysozyme level was significantly higher in control group compared

to the UV-B treated fish. The lysozyme level decreased with the increasing duration of UV-B radiation When fish were kept without UV-B Selleck GSK1838705A radiation for one month, lysozyme level was brought to the normal level in all treatments, except 15 min exposed fish The GOT and GPT levels were significantly higher in the 15 min exposed group than others

Conclusions: The effects of UV-B radiation on

the digestive physiology and immune system of catla have been clearly observed in the present study The decreased enzyme activities in UV-B radiated fish results into improper digestion and poor growth”
“Interstitial cystitis is a multifaceted medical condition consisting of pelvic pain, urgency, and frequency. Can sacral neuromodulation be successfully utilized for the medium term of a parts per thousand yen6 years in interstitial cystitis patients for whom standard drug therapies have failed?

In our ATM Kinase Inhibitor cell line observational, retrospective, case-controlled review (January 2002-March 2004), we sought to discern whether neuromodulation could be successfully implemented with acceptable morbidity rates in interstitial cystitis patients. Thirty-four

female patients underwent stage 1 and 2 InterStim placements under a general anesthetic. Simple means and medians were analyzed.

Mean pre-op/post-op pelvic pain and urgency/frequency scores were 21.61 +/- 8.6/9.22 +/- 6.6 (p < 0.01), and mean pre-op/post-op visual analog pain scale (VAPS) were 6.5 +/- 2.9/2.4 +/- 1.1 (p < 0.01). Median age was 41 +/- 14.8 years with a mean follow-up of 86 +/- 9.8 months.

With a minimum 6-year follow-up we determined that sacral neuromodulation provides adequate improvement for the symptoms of recalcitrant interstitial cystitis.”
“The oxidation state of Mn in cubic SrMnO3 and orthorhombic SrMnO2.5 was investigated by electron energy loss (EEL) spectroscopy. Change in the oxidation state of Mn produced some spectral changes in the O-K edge as well as in the Mn-L-2,L-3 edge EEL spectra. This study demonstrated that the oxidation state of Mn and the amount of oxygen vacancies in cubic SrMnO3 and orthorhombic SrMnO2.5 could be quantified by analyzing the features of the O-K edge spectrum and the Mn L-3/L-2 ratio in the Mn-L-2,L-3 edge spectrum.

Patients with cystitis were included as controls. E. coli isolates

from urine (cystitis, APN, Navitoclax order and ALN) or blood (urosepsis) specimens were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for 25 virulence genes.

Results: A total of 147 children (24 cystitis, 45 APN, 48 ALN, and 30 urosepsis) were enrolled in the study. Distinct syndrome-specific differences in the distribution for certain virulence genes, but conservation across syndromes for others, were found. In addition, urosepsis isolates presented higher aggregate virulence factor scores (P < 0.0001) compared with cystitis, APN, and ALN isolates. By contrast, cystitis isolates showed significantly lower aggregate virulence factor scores than all 3 invasive urinary bacterial infections; APN (P < 0.01), ALN (P < 0.01), and urosepsis (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions: Our findings suggested that urosepsis isolates carry more virulence factors and are likely more urovirulent compared with cystitis, APN, and ALN isolates.”
“To understand the patient burden of study procedures/measures at completion of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) requiring extensive testing and follow-up visits.

A survey sent after completing the 2-year visit of an RCT comparing Burch colposuspension and fascial retropubic sling to treat stress urinary

incontinence assessed degree of bother for seven study procedures, eight study-related factors, and possible SHP099 mouse motivations to participate in the study.

A total of 450 study participants (88%) returned the survey. Urodynamic testing was the most bothersome procedure, followed by 24-h pad test and Q-tip test. Self-administered questionnaires were the least bothersome. Main reasons to participate in the study were to help others, obtain better knowledge about the condition, and be guided by a committed team of investigators/study coordinators.

At the end

of a large multicenter RCT, we learned from a confidential patient survey that the most burdensome activities involved invasive procedures, frequent visits, and multiple forms to fill out.”
“Polycrystalline (PC) and single IPI-145 mw crystalline (SC) Ca-doped LaCoO3 (LCCO) samples with the perovskite structure were synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction and the floating-zone growth method. We present the results of a comprehensive investigation of the magnetic properties of the LCCO system. Systematic measurements have been conducted on dc magnetization, ac susceptibility, exchange-bias, and the magnetocaloric effect. These findings suggest that complex structural phases, ferromagnetic (FM), and spin-glass/cluster-spin-glass (CSG), and their transitions exist in PC samples, while there is a much simpler magnetic phase in SC samples.